Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India.
Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India.
J Neuroimmunol. 2021 Apr 15;353:577501. doi: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577501. Epub 2021 Jan 28.
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a complex physiological network involved in creating homeostasis and maintaining human health. Studies of the last 40 years have shown that endocannabinoids (ECs), a group of bioactive lipids, together with their set of receptors, function as one of the most important physiologic systems in human body. ECs and cannabinoid receptors (CBRs) are found throughout the body: in the brain tissues, immune cells, and in the peripheral organs and tissues as well. In recent years, ECs have emerged as key modulators of affect, neurotransmitter release, immune function, and several other physiological functions. This modulatory homoeostatic system operates in the regulation of brain activity and states of physical health and disease. In several research studies and patents the ECS has been recognised with neuro-protective properties thus it might be a target in neurodegenerative diseases. Most immune cells express these bioactive lipids and their receptors, recent data also highlight the immunomodulatory effects of endocannabinoids. Interplay of immune and nervous system has been recognized in past, recent studies suggest that ECS function as a bridge between neuronal and immune system. In several ongoing clinical trial studies, the ECS has also been placed in the anti-cancer drugs spotlight. This review summarizes the literature of cannabinoid ligands and their biosynthesis, cannabinoid receptors and their distribution, and the signaling pathways initiated by the binding of cannabinoid ligands to cannabinoid receptors. Further, this review highlights the functional role of cannabinoids and ECS in blood cell development, neuroimmune interactions and associated disorders. Moreover, we highlight the current state of knowledge of cannabinoid ligands as the mediators of neuroimmune interactions, which can be therapeutically effective for neuro-immune disorders and several diseases associated with neuroinflammation.
内源性大麻素系统（ECS）是一个复杂的生理网络，参与创建体内平衡并维持人体健康。过去 40 年的研究表明，内源性大麻素（ECs）是一组生物活性脂质，与其一系列受体一起，是人体内最重要的生理系统之一。ECs 和大麻素受体（CBRs）存在于全身：脑组织、免疫细胞以及外周器官和组织中。近年来，ECs 已成为影响、神经递质释放、免疫功能和其他几种生理功能的关键调节剂。这种调节性同型平衡系统在大脑活动以及身体健康和疾病状态的调节中发挥作用。在几项研究和专利中，ECS 被认为具有神经保护特性，因此它可能是神经退行性疾病的靶点。大多数免疫细胞表达这些生物活性脂质及其受体，最近的数据还强调了内源性大麻素的免疫调节作用。过去已经认识到免疫系统和神经系统之间的相互作用，最近的研究表明 ECS 作为神经元和免疫系统之间的桥梁发挥作用。在几项正在进行的临床试验研究中，ECS 也被置于抗癌药物的聚光灯下。这篇综述总结了大麻素配体及其生物合成、大麻素受体及其分布以及大麻素配体与大麻素受体结合引发的信号通路的文献。此外，这篇综述强调了大麻素及其 ECS 在血细胞发育、神经免疫相互作用和相关疾病中的功能作用。此外，我们强调了大麻素配体作为神经免疫相互作用的调节剂的当前知识状态，对于神经免疫疾病和几种与神经炎症相关的疾病可能具有治疗效果。
