Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy.
Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
Molecules. 2021 Feb 9;26(4):903. doi: 10.3390/molecules26040903.
Thunberg is an herbal plant, belonging to the Rhamnaceae family, widespread in west Asia, USA, Australia and New Zealand, but still almost unknown in Western countries. H. has been described to possess several pharmacological properties, such as antidiabetic, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective, especially in the hangover treatment, validating its use as an herbal remedy in the Chinese Traditional Medicine. These biological properties are related to a variety of secondary metabolites synthesized by the different plant parts. Root, bark and leaves are rich of dammarane-type triterpene saponins; dihydrokaempferol, quercetin, 3,3',5',5,7-pentahydroflavone and dihydromyricetin are flavonoids isolated from the seeds; fruits contain mainly dihydroflavonols, such as dihydromyricetin (or ampelopsin) and hovenodulinol, and flavonols such as myricetin and gallocatechin; alkaloids were found in root, barks (frangulanin) and seeds (perlolyrin), and organic acids (vanillic and ferulic) in hot water extract from seeds. Finally, peduncles have plenty of polysaccharides which justify the use as a food supplement. The aim of this work is to review the whole scientific production, with special focus on the last decade, in order to update phytochemistry, biological activities, nutritional properties, toxicological aspect and regulatory classification of extracts for its use in the European Union.
白杨是一种草药植物，属于鼠李科，广泛分布于西亚、美国、澳大利亚和新西兰，但在西方国家几乎不为人知。白杨已被描述具有多种药理特性，如降血糖、抗癌、抗氧化、抗炎和保肝，特别是在治疗宿醉方面，验证了其作为中草药在中医中的应用。这些生物特性与不同植物部位合成的多种次生代谢物有关。根、皮和叶富含达玛烷型三萜皂苷；二氢山奈酚、槲皮素、3,3',5',5,7-五羟基黄酮和二氢杨梅素是从种子中分离出的类黄酮；果实主要含有二氢黄酮醇，如二氢杨梅素（或杨梅素）和hovenodulinol，以及黄酮醇，如杨梅素和没食子酸；根、皮（frangulanin）和种子（perlolyrin）中发现生物碱，种子热水提取物中含有有机酸（香草酸和阿魏酸）。最后，花梗含有大量多糖，这证明了它作为一种食品补充剂的用途。这项工作的目的是回顾整个科学研究成果，特别是最近十年的成果，以更新其在植物化学、生物活性、营养特性、毒理学方面和在欧盟使用的提取物的监管分类。
