Ong Oselyne T W, Skinner Eloise B, Johnson Brian J, Old Julie M
Children's Medical Research Institute, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia.
Mosquito Control Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia.
Viruses. 2021 Feb 9;13(2):265. doi: 10.3390/v13020265.
Mosquito-borne viruses are well recognized as a global public health burden amongst humans, but the effects on non-human vertebrates is rarely reported. Australia, houses a number of endemic mosquito-borne viruses, such as Ross River virus, Barmah Forest virus, and Murray Valley encephalitis virus. In this review, we synthesize the current state of mosquito-borne viruses impacting non-human vertebrates in Australia, including diseases that could be introduced due to local mosquito distribution. Given the unique island biogeography of Australia and the endemism of vertebrate species (including macropods and monotremes), Australia is highly susceptible to foreign mosquito species becoming established, and mosquito-borne viruses becoming endemic alongside novel reservoirs. For each virus, we summarize the known geographic distribution, mosquito vectors, vertebrate hosts, clinical signs and treatments, and highlight the importance of including non-human vertebrates in the assessment of future disease outbreaks. The mosquito-borne viruses discussed can impact wildlife, livestock, and companion animals, causing significant changes to Australian ecology and economy. The complex nature of mosquito-borne disease, and challenges in assessing the impacts to non-human vertebrate species, makes this an important topic to periodically review.
蚊媒病毒被公认为是全球人类公共卫生负担，但对非人类脊椎动物的影响鲜有报道。澳大利亚存在多种地方性蚊媒病毒，如罗斯河病毒、巴马森林病毒和墨累河谷脑炎病毒。在本综述中，我们综合了影响澳大利亚非人类脊椎动物的蚊媒病毒的现状，包括因当地蚊子分布可能引入的疾病。鉴于澳大利亚独特的岛屿生物地理学以及脊椎动物物种（包括有袋目动物和单孔目动物）的地方性，澳大利亚极易受到外来蚊子物种的入侵以及蚊媒病毒与新宿主一起成为地方病的影响。对于每种病毒，我们总结了已知的地理分布、蚊子媒介、脊椎动物宿主、临床症状和治疗方法，并强调在评估未来疾病爆发时纳入非人类脊椎动物的重要性。所讨论的蚊媒病毒会影响野生动物、家畜和伴侣动物，给澳大利亚的生态和经济带来重大变化。蚊媒疾病的复杂性以及评估对非人类脊椎动物物种影响的挑战，使得这成为一个需要定期回顾的重要课题。
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