Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang East Road, Ningbo 315100, China.
Centre of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
Molecules. 2021 Jan 29;26(3):699. doi: 10.3390/molecules26030699.
Volumetric Muscle Loss (VML) is associated with muscle loss function and often untreated and considered part of the natural sequelae of trauma. Various types of biomaterials with different physical and properties have been developed to treat VML. However, much work remains yet to be done before the scaffolds can pass from the bench to the bedside. The present review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the latest developments in the construction and application of natural polymers-based tissue scaffolding for volumetric muscle injury. Here, the tissue engineering approaches for treating volumetric muscle loss injury are highlighted and recent advances in cell-based therapies using various sources of stem cells are elaborated in detail. An overview of different strategies of tissue scaffolding and their efficacy on skeletal muscle cells regeneration and migration are presented. Furthermore, the present paper discusses a wide range of natural polymers with a special focus on proteins and polysaccharides that are major components of the extracellular matrices. The natural polymers are biologically active and excellently promote cell adhesion and growth. These bio-characteristics justify natural polymers as one of the most attractive options for developing scaffolds for muscle cell regeneration.
体积性肌肉损失（VML）与肌肉损失功能有关，通常未得到治疗，被认为是创伤的自然后遗症的一部分。已经开发出各种具有不同物理和性能的生物材料来治疗 VML。然而，在支架能够从实验室走向临床之前，还有很多工作要做。本综述旨在全面总结用于体积性肌肉损伤的天然聚合物基组织支架构建和应用的最新进展。在这里，突出强调了治疗体积性肌肉损失损伤的组织工程方法，并详细阐述了使用各种来源的干细胞的基于细胞的治疗的最新进展。还介绍了不同组织支架策略及其对骨骼肌细胞再生和迁移的功效的概述。此外，本文讨论了广泛的天然聚合物，特别关注是细胞外基质的主要成分的蛋白质和多糖。天然聚合物具有生物活性，能极好地促进细胞黏附和生长。这些生物特性证明天然聚合物是开发用于肌肉细胞再生的支架的最有吸引力的选择之一。
