Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona (Public Health Agency of Barcelona, ASPB), Pl Lesseps 1, 08023 Barcelona, Spain.
Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIIB Sant Pau), Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain.
Nutrients. 2021 Jan 29;13(2):453. doi: 10.3390/nu13020453.
Childhood obesity has increased worldwide over the past four decades. This quasi-experimental study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a multicomponent and multilevel school-based intervention (POIBA) at 3 years of follow-up. The nutrition intervention focused on food groups, food pyramid, nutrients, portions, and balanced menus. In total, 3624 children participated in the study. Anthropometric measurements and information on food frequency and behavior, physical activity, and daily screen use were collected in the intervention (IG) and comparison group (CG). Positive unadjusted changes toward adherence to recommendations were found for water, meat, sweets, and fried potato consumption, proper breakfast, not having dinner in front of the TV, out-of-school physical activity, and daily screen use. Three scores were used to calculate the proportion of children making more than one change to improve healthy habits regarding physical activity (global Activity score), nutrition (global Nutrition score), and both (global score). Students exposed to the intervention had a significantly better global Activity score (16.2% IG vs. 11.9% CG; = 0.012) and Global score (63.9% IG vs. 58.5% CG; = 0.025). Intervention effects on obesity incidence at 3-year follow-up lost significance but maintained the positive trend. In conclusion, school-based interventions including a family component could be useful to address the childhood obesity problem.
在过去的四十年中，全球儿童肥胖症有所增加。本准实验研究旨在评估一项多组分、多层次的基于学校的干预措施（POIBA）在 3 年随访时的效果。营养干预侧重于食物组、食物金字塔、营养素、份量和均衡菜单。共有 3624 名儿童参与了这项研究。在干预组（IG）和对照组（CG）中收集了人体测量学测量值以及关于食物频率和行为、身体活动和日常屏幕使用的信息。发现对水、肉、甜食和炸薯条的消费、正确的早餐、不在电视前吃晚餐、校外体力活动和日常屏幕使用的建议的依从性呈正向未经调整的变化。使用三个分数来计算改善与身体活动（整体活动评分）、营养（整体营养评分）和两者（整体评分）相关的健康习惯的儿童改变一个以上习惯的比例。接触干预的学生的整体活动评分（IG 组为 16.2%，CG 组为 11.9%； = 0.012）和整体评分（IG 组为 63.9%，CG 组为 58.5%； = 0.025）显著提高。在 3 年随访时，干预对肥胖发生率的影响失去了意义，但仍保持了积极的趋势。总之，包括家庭成分的基于学校的干预措施可能有助于解决儿童肥胖问题。
