Lancellotti Isabella, Piccolo Federica, Traven Katja, Češnovar Mark, Ducman Vilma, Leonelli Cristina
Department of Engineering 'Enzo Ferrari', University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Vivarelli 10, 41125 Modena, Italy.
Slovenian National Building and Civil Engineering Institute-ZAG, Dimičeva 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Materials (Basel). 2021 Jan 30;14(3):639. doi: 10.3390/ma14030639.
Alkali-activated materials (AAMs) represent a promising alternative to conventional building materials and ceramics. Being produced in large amounts as aluminosilicate-rich secondary products, such as slags, they can be utilized for the formulation of AAMs. Slags are partially crystalline metallurgical residues produced during the high temperature separation of metallic and non-metallic materials in the steelmaking processes. In the present study, the electric arc furnace carbon or stainless steel slag (EAF) and secondary metallurgical slag such as ladle furnace basic slag (LS) were used as precursors in an alkali-activation process. EAF slag, with its amorphous fraction of about 56%, presented higher contents of soluble Si and Al species with respect to ladle slag R (35%). However, both are suitable to produce AAM. The leaching behavior shows that all the release values are below the regulation limit. All the bivalent ions (Ba, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) are well immobilized in a geopolymeric matrix, while amphoteric elements, such as As and Cr, show a slight increase of release with respect to the corresponding slag in alkaline and aqueous environments. In particular, for Sb and As of AAM, release still remains below the regulation limits, while Mo presents an increase of leaching values that slightly exceeds the limit for landfill non-dangerous waste.
碱激活材料（AAMs）是传统建筑材料和陶瓷的一种有前景的替代品。由于大量生产富含铝硅酸盐的副产品，如炉渣，它们可用于制备AAMs。炉渣是在炼钢过程中金属和非金属材料高温分离时产生的部分结晶冶金残渣。在本研究中，电弧炉碳渣或不锈钢渣（EAF）以及二次冶金渣，如钢包精炼炉碱性渣（LS），被用作碱激活过程的前驱体。EAF渣的非晶态部分约为56%，与钢包渣R（35%）相比，其可溶性硅和铝物种的含量更高。然而，两者都适合生产AAM。浸出行为表明，所有释放值均低于规定限值。所有二价离子（Ba、Cd、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn）都很好地固定在地质聚合物基体中，而两性元素，如As和Cr，在碱性和水环境中相对于相应的炉渣释放略有增加。特别是，对于AAM中的Sb和As，释放仍低于规定限值，而Mo的浸出值增加略微超过填埋非危险废物的限值。
