Baines Laura, Jones Andrew
Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom.
UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2021 Jan;82(1):142-151.
"Reactive" inhibitory control is associated with heavy drinking and alcohol dependence. However, the majority of research ignores the downstream influence of proactive control--the preparation to withhold responses when examining alcohol use behaviors. The potential mechanisms behind these relationships are also poorly understood. Two studies were conducted to investigate the role of proactive and reactive control in heavy drinkers, in the presence of alcohol-related cues, and to examine the potential mediating effects of working memory capacity and alcohol sensitivity.
Heavy drinkers (Study 1: n = 108; Study 2: n = 116) completed online self-reported measures of alcohol use followed by a modified stop-signal task in the presence of alcohol-related cues (Study 1: images; Study 2: words) and a self-ordered pointing task using neutral-related images (Study 1) and alcohol-related images (Study 2).
In Study 1, craving and working memory capacity predicted alcohol use. In Study 2, working memory capacity was a negative predictor of alcohol use alongside stop-signal reaction times; however, the overall regression model was not significant. When conducting pooled analyses across both studies to increase power, only a robust association between craving and alcohol use was observed.
These studies provide no support for the associations between alcohol use indices and working memory capacity, reactive control, and proactive slowing.
“反应性”抑制控制与大量饮酒及酒精依赖有关。然而，大多数研究忽略了前瞻性控制的下游影响——在检查饮酒行为时抑制反应的准备过程。这些关系背后的潜在机制也鲜为人知。开展了两项研究，以调查前瞻性和反应性控制在大量饮酒者中、在存在与酒精相关线索的情况下所起的作用，并检验工作记忆容量和酒精敏感性的潜在中介效应。
大量饮酒者（研究1：n = 108；研究2：n = 116）完成在线自我报告的饮酒情况测量，随后在存在与酒精相关线索的情况下（研究1：图片；研究2：文字）完成一项改良的停止信号任务，以及使用中性相关图片（研究1）和与酒精相关图片（研究2）的自我排序指向任务。
在研究1中，渴望和工作记忆容量可预测饮酒情况。在研究2中，工作记忆容量与停止信号反应时间一样，是饮酒的负向预测因子；然而，总体回归模型并不显著。在对两项研究进行合并分析以提高效能时，仅观察到渴望与饮酒之间存在显著关联。
这些研究不支持饮酒指标与工作记忆容量、反应性控制和前瞻性减缓之间的关联。
