Department of Economics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
Operations, Information and Decisions Department, Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Science. 2021 Feb 12;371(6530):696-702. doi: 10.1126/science.abd8694.
Diversification is a widely proposed policing reform, but its impact is difficult to assess. We used records of millions of daily patrol assignments, determined through fixed rules and preassigned rotations that mitigate self-selection, to compare the average behavior of officers of different demographic profiles working in comparable conditions. Relative to white officers, Black and Hispanic officers make far fewer stops and arrests, and they use force less often, especially against Black civilians. These effects are largest in majority-Black areas of Chicago and stem from reduced focus on enforcing low-level offenses, with greatest impact on Black civilians. Female officers also use less force than males, a result that holds within all racial groups. These results suggest that diversity reforms can improve police treatment of minority communities.
多元化是一项广泛提出的警务改革，但它的影响很难评估。我们使用了通过固定规则和预先分配的轮换来确定的数百万日常巡逻任务记录，这些规则和轮换来减轻了自我选择的影响，以比较在可比条件下工作的不同人口统计特征的警察的平均行为。与白人警察相比，黑人和西班牙裔警察的拦截和逮捕次数要少得多，他们使用武力的频率也更低，尤其是针对黑人平民。这些影响在芝加哥的大部分黑人地区最大，源于对低级别犯罪执法力度的降低，对黑人平民的影响最大。女警察使用的武力也比男警察少，这一结果在所有种族群体中都成立。这些结果表明，多元化改革可以改善警察对少数族裔社区的待遇。
