Department of Botany, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, India.
Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, India.
Physiol Plant. 2021 Jun;172(2):1255-1268. doi: 10.1111/ppl.13359. Epub 2021 Feb 21.
Abiotic stresses such as temperature (high/low), drought, salinity, and others make the environment hostile to plants. Abiotic stressors adversely affect plant growth and development; and thereby makes a direct impact on overall plant productivity. Plants confront stress by developing an internal defense system orchestrated by compatible solutes, reactive oxygen species scavengers and phytohormones. However, routine exposure to unpredictable environmental stressors makes it essential to equip plants with a system that contributes to sustainable agricultural productivity, besides imparting multi-stress tolerance. The sustainable approach against abiotic stress is accomplished through breeding of tolerant cultivars. Though eco-friendly, tedious screening and crossing protocol limits its usage to overcome stress and in attaining the goal of global food security. Advancement on the technological front has enabled adoption of genomic engineering approaches to perform site-specific modification in the plant genome for improving adaptability, increasing the yield and in attributing resilience against different stressors. Of the different genome editing approaches, CRISPR/Cas has revolutionized biological research with wider applicability to crop plants. CRISPR/Cas emerged as a versatile tool in editing genomes for desired traits in highly accurate and precise manner. The present study summarizes advancement of the CRISPR/Cas genome editing tool in its adoption to manipulate plant genomes for novel traits towards developing high-yielding and climate-resilient crop varieties.
非生物胁迫，如温度（高/低）、干旱、盐度等，使环境对植物不利。非生物胁迫因子会对植物的生长和发育产生不利影响；从而直接影响植物的整体生产力。植物通过内部防御系统来应对胁迫，该系统由相容性溶质、活性氧清除剂和植物激素协调。然而，植物经常暴露于不可预测的环境胁迫因子，因此需要为其配备一种系统，以促进可持续农业生产力，同时赋予其多胁迫耐受性。应对非生物胁迫的可持续方法是通过培育耐受品种来实现。尽管环保，但繁琐的筛选和杂交方案限制了其在应对压力和实现全球粮食安全目标方面的应用。技术的进步使人们能够采用基因组工程方法，对植物基因组进行特定部位的修饰，以提高适应性、增加产量，并赋予其对不同胁迫因子的弹性。在不同的基因组编辑方法中，CRISPR/Cas 技术以其广泛的适用性彻底改变了生物研究，使其能够应用于作物。CRISPR/Cas 技术已成为编辑基因组以获得所需特性的多功能工具，具有高度精确和准确的特点。本研究总结了 CRISPR/Cas 基因组编辑工具在操纵植物基因组以获得新型特性方面的进展，旨在开发高产和耐气候的作物品种。
