Krishnamachari Bhuma, Morris Alexander, Zastrow Diane, Dsida Andrew, Harper Brian, Santella Anthony J
Department of Clinical Specialties, New York Institute of Technology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY.
Department of Clinical Specialties, New York Institute of Technology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY.
Am J Infect Control. 2021 Aug;49(8):1036-1042. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2021.02.002. Epub 2021 Feb 10.
COVID-19 has quickly spread throughout the world, necessitating assessment of effective containment methods. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of government mandated school closures, stay at home orders and mask requirements METHODS: Cumulative incidence rates were calculated at 14-day intervals until the day of the first vaccine administration in the country. Rate ratios were calculated using negative binomial regression while investigating the effects of adjusting for several sociodemographic and medical factors RESULTS: Faster implementation of mask mandates was consistently shown to be protective. States with mask mandates made at three to six months had a 1.61 times higher rate than those who implemented within one month (adjusted rate ratio = 1.61, 95% confidence interval: 1.23-2.10, P = .001). States with mask mandates made after 6 months or with no mandate had a 2.16 times higher rate than those who implemented within 1 month (adjusted rate ratio = 2.16, 95% confidence interval: 1.64-2.88, P < .0001). In contrast, both stay at home orders and school closures had no significant influence on disease trajectory.
The benefits of mask mandates are apparent, especially when mandates were issued within a month. The impact of school closing and stay at home orders were less clear.
Our results suggest that of the different physical distancing measures implemented by the government, mask mandates are the most important.
新冠病毒病（COVID-19）已迅速在全球传播，因此有必要评估有效的防控方法。本研究的目的是检验政府强制要求学校关闭、居家令和口罩规定的影响。
计算该国首次接种疫苗之日前每14天的累积发病率。在研究调整若干社会人口学和医学因素的影响时，使用负二项回归计算率比。
始终表明，更快实施口罩规定具有保护作用。在三至六个月实施口罩规定的州，发病率比在一个月内实施的州高1.61倍（调整后的率比 = 1.61，95%置信区间：1.23 - 2.10，P = 0.001）。在六个月后实施口罩规定或未实施规定的州，发病率比在一个月内实施的州高2.16倍（调整后的率比 = 2.16，95%置信区间：1.64 - 2.88，P < 0.0001）。相比之下，居家令和学校关闭对疾病发展轨迹均无显著影响。
口罩规定的益处显而易见，尤其是在一个月内发布规定时。学校关闭和居家令的影响不太明确。
我们的结果表明，在政府实施的不同物理距离措施中，口罩规定最为重要。
