Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences and Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA.
School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
Environ Pollut. 2021 Apr 15;275:116545. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116545. Epub 2021 Jan 28.
Global climate change (GCC) significantly affects aquatic ecosystems. Continual use of pyrethroid insecticides results in contamination of these ecosystems and concurrent GCC raises the potential for synergistic effects. Resistance to pyrethroids has been documented in Hyalella azteca, a common epibenthic amphipod and model organism. Resistant H. azteca can bioconcentrate elevated amounts of pyrethroids and represent a threat to consumers via trophic transfer. In the present study, a predator of H. azteca, the inland silverside (Menidia beryllina), was used to examine the impacts of GCC on pyrethroid bioaccumulation via trophic transfer from resistant prey organisms. M. beryllina were fed C-permethrin dosed pyrethroid-resistant H. azteca for 14 days at three salinities (6, 13 and 20 practical salinity units (PSU)) and two temperatures (18 and 23 °C). Fish were analyzed for total body residues, percent parent compound and percent metabolites. Gene expression in liver and brain tissue were evaluated to assess whether dietary bioaccumulation of permethrin would impact detoxification processes, metabolism, and general stress responses. M. beryllina bioaccumulated significant amounts of permethrin across all treatments, ranging from 39 to 557 ng g lipid. No statistically significant effect of temperature was found on total bioaccumulation. Salinity had a significant effect on total bioaccumulation, owing to greater bioaccumulation at 6 PSU compared to 13 and 20 PSU, which may be due to alterations to xenobiotic elimination. Permethrin bioaccumulation and the interaction with temperature and salinity elicited significant transcriptional responses in genes relating to detoxification, growth, development, and immune response. Given the increased prevalence of pesticide-resistant aquatic invertebrates, GCC-induced alterations to temperature and salinity, and the predicted increase in pesticide usage, these findings suggest trophic transfer may play an important role in pesticide bioaccumulation and effects in predatory fish.
全球气候变化（GCC）对水生生态系统有重大影响。持续使用拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂会导致这些生态系统受到污染，而同时发生的 GCC 增加了协同效应的可能性。已记录到 Hyalella azteca 对拟除虫菊酯具有抗药性，Hyalella azteca 是一种常见的底栖桡足类和模式生物。具有抗药性的 H.azteca 可以生物浓缩大量的拟除虫菊酯，并通过营养转移对消费者构成威胁。在本研究中，使用 Hyalella azteca 的捕食者——内陆银汉鱼（Menidia beryllina）来研究 GCC 通过从具有抗药性的猎物生物进行营养转移对拟除虫菊酯生物累积的影响。在三个盐度（6、13 和 20 实用盐度单位（PSU））和两个温度（18 和 23°C）下，用 C-氯菊酯处理的拟除虫菊酯抗性 H.azteca 喂养 M.beryllina 14 天。分析鱼体内的总残留量、母体化合物百分比和代谢物百分比。评估肝和脑组织中的基因表达，以评估饮食中拟除虫菊酯的生物累积是否会影响解毒过程、代谢和一般应激反应。M.beryllina 在所有处理中都大量累积了 permethrin，范围从 39 到 557ng g 脂质。温度对总生物累积没有统计学上的显著影响。盐度对总生物累积有显著影响，这是由于与 13 和 20 PSU 相比，6 PSU 时的生物累积量更大，这可能是由于外源性物质消除的改变。拟除虫菊酯的生物累积以及与温度和盐度的相互作用，在与解毒、生长、发育和免疫反应相关的基因中引起了显著的转录反应。鉴于水生无脊椎动物对杀虫剂的抗药性日益普遍、GCC 引起的温度和盐度变化以及预计杀虫剂使用量的增加，这些发现表明，营养转移可能在杀虫剂的生物累积和对捕食性鱼类的影响中发挥重要作用。
