Khandaker Mayeen Uddin, Chijioke Nwokoma Oliver, Heffny Nurul' Adillah Binti, Bradley David A, Alsubaie Abdullah, Sulieman Abdelmoneim, Faruque Mohammad Rashed I, Sayyed M I, Al-Mugren K S
Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia.
Department of Physics, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
Foods. 2021 Feb 10;10(2):381. doi: 10.3390/foods10020381.
While the consumption of seaweed and seaweed-based products is very common amongst East Asian nations, forming a notable component of the daily diet, relatively very few studies have concerned the concentrations of heavy metals in these together with potential effects on human health. The present study analyses the concentrations of 17 elements in locally resourced seaweed, also assessing potential noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks. The samples were ground, homogenized, and quantified using the ICP-OES technique. It has been found that the essential elements K, Ca, Mg, Zn, and Na typically show concentrations somewhat greater than a number of potentially toxic metals, in particular, Cd, Pb, Ag, and As, with exceptions being Ni, Cr-VI, and Si. Statistical analysis indicates all of the latter to have similar origin, with increased concentration of these metals within the marine ecosystem. While the daily estimated intake of most metals is seen to be within the daily dietary allowance level recommended by various international organizations, the noncarcinogenic risk shows a value greater than unity, estimated via the hazard quotient. This indicates a potential for adverse effects to health arising from consumption of the sampled seaweed. The carcinogenic risk resulting from nonessential elements shows values greater than the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA) reference limit of 10. Considering the nonbiodegradability of heavy metals and metalloids and their potential accumulation in seaweed, there is need for critical examination of metal levels in the seaweeds obtained from the present study locations, together with the introduction of practices of removal of heavy metals via bio-adsorbent techniques.
虽然食用海藻及海藻制品在东亚国家非常普遍，是日常饮食的重要组成部分，但相对而言，关注这些产品中重金属浓度及其对人体健康潜在影响的研究却很少。本研究分析了本地获取的海藻中17种元素的浓度，并评估了潜在的非致癌和致癌风险。样本经过研磨、均质化处理后，采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法（ICP - OES）进行定量分析。研究发现，必需元素钾、钙、镁、锌和钠的浓度通常略高于一些潜在有毒金属，特别是镉、铅、银和砷，但镍、六价铬和硅除外。统计分析表明，所有这些潜在有毒金属具有相似的来源，且在海洋生态系统中这些金属的浓度有所增加。虽然大多数金属的每日估计摄入量在各国际组织推荐的每日膳食允许摄入量范围内，但通过危害商数估算的非致癌风险值大于1。这表明食用所采集的海藻可能对健康产生不良影响。由非必需元素导致的致癌风险值高于美国环境保护局（US - EPA）规定的10的参考限值。考虑到重金属和类金属的不可生物降解性及其在海藻中的潜在积累，有必要对本研究地点采集的海藻中的金属含量进行严格审查，并引入通过生物吸附技术去除重金属的方法。
