Wani Javaid Ahmad, Majid Sabhiya, Khan Andleeb, Arafah Azher, Ahmad Ajaz, Jan Basit Latief, Shah Naveed Nazir, Kazi Mohsin, Rehman Muneeb U
Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College (GMC-Srinagar), Karan Nagar, Srinagar 190010, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.
Diagnostics (Basel). 2021 Feb 10;11(2):274. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics11020274.
Lung cancer is a well-known malignant tumor of the respiratory tract, which has caused a significant level of damage to human health in the 21st century. Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are tiny, non-coding RNA stem-loop structures with a length of roughly 20-25 nucleotides that function as powerful modulators of mRNA and protein products of a gene. miRNAs may modulate many biological processes involving growth, differentiation, proliferation, and cell death and play a key role in the pathogenesis of various types of malignancies. Several accumulating pieces of evidence have proven that miRNA, especially miR-146a, are crucial modulators of innate immune response sequences. A novel and exciting cancer research field has involved miRNA for the detection and suppression of cancer. However, the actual mechanism which is adopted by these miRNA is still unclear. miRNAs have been used as a cancer-associated biomarker in several studies, suggesting their altered expression in various cancers compared to the normal cells. The amount of expression of miRNA can also be used to determine the stage of the disease, aiding in early detection. In breast, pancreatic, and hepatocellular carcinoma, and gastric cancer, cancer cell proliferation and metastasis has been suppressed by miR-146a. Changes in miR-146a expression levels have biomarker importance and possess a high potential as a therapeutic target in lung cancer. It retards epithelial-mesenchymal transition and promotes the therapeutic action of anticancer agents in lung cancer. Studies have also suggested that miR-146a affects gene expression through different signaling pathways viz. TNF-α, NF-κB and MEK-1/2, and JNK-1/2. Further research is required for understanding the molecular mechanisms of miR-146a in lung cancer. The potential role of miR-146a as a diagnostic marker of lung cancer must also be analyzed. This review summarizes the tumor-suppressing, anti-inflammatory, and antichemoresistive nature of miR-146a in lung cancer.
肺癌是一种众所周知的呼吸道恶性肿瘤，在21世纪对人类健康造成了严重损害。微小RNA（miRNA）是微小的非编码RNA茎环结构，长度约为20 - 25个核苷酸，作为基因mRNA和蛋白质产物的强大调节剂发挥作用。miRNA可能调节许多涉及生长、分化、增殖和细胞死亡的生物学过程，并在各种类型恶性肿瘤的发病机制中起关键作用。越来越多的证据证明，miRNA，尤其是miR - 146a，是先天免疫反应序列的关键调节剂。一个新颖且令人兴奋的癌症研究领域涉及miRNA用于癌症的检测和抑制。然而，这些miRNA所采用的实际机制仍不清楚。在多项研究中，miRNA已被用作癌症相关生物标志物，表明它们在各种癌症中的表达与正常细胞相比有所改变。miRNA的表达量也可用于确定疾病阶段，有助于早期检测。在乳腺癌、胰腺癌、肝细胞癌和胃癌中，miR - 146a抑制了癌细胞的增殖和转移。miR - 146a表达水平的变化具有生物标志物重要性，并且在肺癌中作为治疗靶点具有很高的潜力。它延缓上皮 - 间质转化并促进抗癌药物在肺癌中的治疗作用。研究还表明，miR - 146a通过不同的信号通路影响基因表达，即肿瘤坏死因子 - α（TNF - α）、核因子 - κB（NF - κB）和丝裂原活化蛋白激酶1/2（MEK - 1/2）以及应激活化蛋白激酶1/2（JNK - 1/2）。需要进一步研究以了解miR - 146a在肺癌中的分子机制。还必须分析miR - 146a作为肺癌诊断标志物的潜在作用。本综述总结了miR - 146a在肺癌中的肿瘤抑制、抗炎和抗化疗耐药特性。
