Beleza Jorge, Stevanović-Silva Jelena, Coxito Pedro, Costa Rui Carlos, Ascensão António, Torrella Joan Ramon, Magalhães José
Department of Cell Biology, Physiology & Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Faculty of Sport, Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Eur J Clin Invest. 2021 Oct;51(10):e13515. doi: 10.1111/eci.13515. Epub 2021 Mar 9.
'Special issue - In Utero and Early Life Programming of Aging and Disease'. Skeletal muscle (SM) adaptations to physical exercise (PE) have been extensively studied due, not only to the relevance of its in situ plasticity, but also to the SM endocrine-like effects in noncontractile tissues, such as brain, liver or adipocytes. Regular PE has been considered a pleiotropic nonpharmacological strategy to prevent and counteract the deleterious consequences of several metabolic, cardiovascular, oncological and neurodegenerative disorders. Additionally, PE performed by parents seems to have a direct impact in the offspring through the transgenerational programming of different tissues, such as SM. In fact, SM offspring programming mechanisms seems to be orchestrated, at least in part, by epigenetic machinery conditioning transcriptional or post-transcriptional processes. Ultimately, PE performed in the early in life is also a critical window of opportunity to positively modulate the juvenile and adult phenotype. Parental PE has a positive impact in several health-related offspring outcomes, such as SM metabolism, differentiation, morphology and ultimately in offspring exercise volition and endurance. Also, early-life PE counteracts conceptional-related adverse effects and induces long-lasting healthy benefits throughout adulthood. Additionally, epigenetics mechanisms seem to play a key role in the PE-induced SM adaptations. Despite the undoubtedly positive role of parental and early-life PE on SM phenotype, a strong research effort is still needed to better understand the mechanisms that positively regulate PE-induced SM programming.
特刊——子宫内及生命早期衰老与疾病的编程。骨骼肌（SM）对体育锻炼（PE）的适应性已得到广泛研究，这不仅是因为其原位可塑性的相关性，还因为SM对非收缩性组织（如大脑、肝脏或脂肪细胞）具有类似内分泌的作用。规律的体育锻炼被认为是一种多效性的非药物策略，可预防和对抗多种代谢、心血管、肿瘤和神经退行性疾病的有害后果。此外，父母进行的体育锻炼似乎通过不同组织（如SM）的跨代编程对后代产生直接影响。事实上，SM后代编程机制似乎至少部分是由调节转录或转录后过程的表观遗传机制精心安排的。最终，生命早期进行的体育锻炼也是积极调节青少年和成年表型的关键机会窗口。父母的体育锻炼对后代一些与健康相关的结果有积极影响，如SM代谢、分化、形态，最终影响后代的运动意愿和耐力。此外，生命早期的体育锻炼可抵消与受孕相关的不良影响，并在整个成年期诱导长期的健康益处。此外，表观遗传机制似乎在体育锻炼诱导的SM适应性中起关键作用。尽管父母和生命早期的体育锻炼对SM表型无疑具有积极作用，但仍需要大力开展研究，以更好地理解正向调节体育锻炼诱导的SM编程的机制。
