Laboratory of Molecular Analysis, Graduate Program of Sciences and Technology of Health, Faculdade de Ceilândia - Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil.
Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil.
Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2021 Apr;231(4):e13620. doi: 10.1111/apha.13620. Epub 2021 Feb 19.
A significant number of studies have demonstrated that paternal exercise modulates future generations via effects on the sperm epigenome. However, comprehensive information regarding the effects of exercise performed by the father on different tissues and their clinical relevance has not yet been explored in detail. This narrative review is focused on the effects of paternal exercise training on various physiological systems of offspring. A detailed mechanistic understanding of these effects could provide crucial clues for the exercise physiology field and aid the development of therapeutic approaches to mitigate disorders in future generations. Non-coding RNA and DNA methylation are major routes for transmitting epigenetic information from parents to offspring. Resistance and treadmill exercise are the most frequently used modalities of planned and structured exercise in controlled experiments. Paternal exercise orchestrated protective effects over changes in fetus development and placenta inflammatory status. Moreover paternal exercise promoted modifications in the ncRNA profiles, gene and protein expression in the hippocampus, left ventricle, skeletal muscle, tendon, liver and pancreas in the offspring, while the transgenerational effects are unknown. Paternal exercise demonstrates clinical benefits to the offspring and provides a warning on the harmful effects of a paternal unhealthy lifestyle. Exercise in fathers is presented as one of the most logical and cost-effective ways of restoring health in the offspring and, consequently, modifying the phenotype. It is important to consider that paternal programming might have unique significance in the developmental origins of offspring diseases.
大量研究表明，父亲的运动通过对精子表观基因组的影响来调节后代。然而，关于父亲运动对不同组织的影响及其临床相关性的综合信息尚未得到详细探讨。本综述重点介绍了父亲运动训练对后代各种生理系统的影响。对这些影响的详细机制理解可为运动生理学领域提供重要线索，并有助于开发治疗方法来减轻后代的疾病。非编码 RNA 和 DNA 甲基化是父母将表观遗传信息传递给后代的主要途径。在对照实验中，阻力和跑步机运动是计划和结构化运动最常用的方式。父亲的运动协调了对胎儿发育和胎盘炎症状态变化的保护作用。此外，父亲的运动还促进了后代海马体、左心室、骨骼肌、肌腱、肝脏和胰腺中 ncRNA 谱、基因和蛋白质表达的改变，而跨代效应尚不清楚。父亲的运动对后代有临床益处，并对父亲不健康的生活方式的有害影响发出警告。父亲运动为恢复后代健康和改变表型提供了一种最合理和最具成本效益的方式。需要注意的是，父亲编程在后代疾病的发育起源中可能具有独特的意义。
