Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Islamic Republic of Iran.
University of Kashan, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran.
Int J Adolesc Med Health. 2021 Feb 15;33(3):1-7. doi: 10.1515/ijamh-2020-0267.
Socioeconomic and environmental factors can affect the health of the people living in slums in the suburbs. In these areas, the youth and adolescents are the main age groups susceptible to a multitude of harms such as addiction, AIDS, delinquency, aggressive behavior, and prostitution. The present study was conducted to investigate the state of social harms and social class in Iranian youth and adolescents living in slums in the suburbs.
In the present systematic review, the researchers searched for observational and qualitative papers published in Persian or English languages during 2010-2020 timespan in the following databases: Embase, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Irandoc databases, Google Scholar, SID, and Magiran. Based on MESH, the keywords of "social class", "social harm", "youth", "adolescent", and "slum" were chosen. Papers were assessed according to the inclusion criteria, and the quality of the papers was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for quantitative articles and the COREQ scale for qualitative ones.
Of 491 articles assessed, 11 (eight cross-sectional and three qualitative papers) were deemed suitable. According to the results, social harms reported were: drug abuse (two studies), female sex workers (two studies), poverty (two studies), AIDS (two studies), social insecurity (two studies), psychedelic substances (one study), alcohol (one study), delinquency (one study), divorce (one study), physical problems (one study), prostitution because of poverty (one study), unemployment (one study), and adolescents' forced labor due to destitution (one study). Moreover, the assessed papers used education (three studies), economic status (three studies), occupation (two studies), income (two studies), place of residence (two studies), social status (two studies), and cultural status (one study) as indicators of the social class in the individual and their parents, and categorized them in three groups of high (one study), middle (three studies), and low classes (seven studies).
The present systematic review investigated, for the first time in Iran, social harms and social class in the youth and adolescents living in slums in the suburbs. The results showed that social harm is high among the youth and adolescents in outskirt slums of Iranian cities. Therefore, any attempt to empower the youth and adolescents living in these parts will have direct effects on the health of the residents of these areas.
社会经济和环境因素会影响居住在郊区贫民窟的人们的健康。在这些地区，青年和青少年是易受多种伤害影响的主要年龄群体，如成瘾、艾滋病、犯罪、攻击性行为和卖淫。本研究旨在调查伊朗郊区贫民窟中青少年的社会危害和社会阶层状况。
在本次系统评价中，研究人员搜索了 2010 年至 2020 年期间以波斯语或英语发表的观察性和定性论文，检索数据库包括：Embase、PubMed、Scopus、Web of Science、Irandoc 数据库、Google Scholar、SID 和 Magiran。根据 MESH，选择了“社会阶层”、“社会危害”、“青年”、“青少年”和“贫民窟”等关键词。根据纳入标准评估论文，并使用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表（Newcastle-Ottawa scale）对定量文章和 COREQ 量表（CONSORT for Reporting of Qualitative Research）对定性文章进行质量评估。
在评估的 491 篇文章中，有 11 篇（8 篇横断面研究和 3 篇定性研究）符合纳入标准。结果显示，报告的社会危害包括：药物滥用（2 项研究）、女性性工作者（2 项研究）、贫困（2 项研究）、艾滋病（2 项研究）、社会不安全（2 项研究）、迷幻物质（1 项研究）、酒精（1 项研究）、犯罪（1 项研究）、离婚（1 项研究）、身体问题（1 项研究）、因贫困卖淫（1 项研究）、失业（1 项研究）和因贫困青少年被迫劳动（1 项研究）。此外，评估的论文使用教育（3 项研究）、经济状况（3 项研究）、职业（2 项研究）、收入（2 项研究）、居住地（2 项研究）、社会地位（2 项研究）和文化地位（1 项研究）作为个人及其父母的社会阶层指标，并将其分为高阶层（1 项研究）、中阶层（3 项研究）和低阶层（7 项研究）。
本系统评价首次在伊朗调查了居住在郊区贫民窟的青少年的社会危害和社会阶层。结果表明，城市郊区贫民窟中青少年的社会危害较高。因此，任何旨在增强这些地区青少年能力的尝试都将对这些地区居民的健康产生直接影响。
