Chauhan Prashant, Nair Arathi, Patidar Ashok, Dandapat Jagneshwar, Sarkar Arup, Saha Bhaskar
National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India.
P.G. Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar 751004, India.
Cytokine. 2021 Sep;145:155458. doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155458. Epub 2021 Feb 11.
Cytokines are pleiotropic polypeptides that control the development of and responses mediated by immune cells. Cytokine classification predominantly relies on [1] the target receptor(s), [2] the primary structural features of the extracellular domains of their receptors, and [3] their receptor composition. Functionally, cytokines are either pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory, hematopoietic colony-stimulating factors, developmental and would healing maintaining immune homeostasis. When the balance in C can form complex networks amongst themselves that may affect the homeostasis and diseases. Cytokines can affect resistance and susceptibility for many diseases and their availability in the host cytokine production and interaction is disturbed, immunopathogenesis sets in. Therefore, cytokine-targeting bispecific, and chimeric antibodies form a significant mode of immnuo-therapeutics Although the field has grown deep and wide, many areas of cytokine biology remain unknown. Here, we have reviewed these cytokines along with the organization, signaling, and functions through respective cytokine-receptor-families. Being part of the special issue on the Role of Cytokines in Leishmaniasis, this review is intended to be used as an organized primer on cytokines and not a resource for detailed discussion- for which a two-volume Handbook of cytokines is available- on each of the cytokines. Priming the readers on cytokines, we next brief the role of cytokines in Leishmaniasis. In the brief, we do not provide an account of each of the involved cytokines known to date, instead, we offer a temporal relationship between the cytokines and the progress of the infection towards the alternate outcomes- healing or non-healing- of the infection.
细胞因子是一类多效性多肽，可控制免疫细胞的发育及介导的反应。细胞因子的分类主要依据：[1]靶受体；[2]其受体胞外域的主要结构特征；[3]其受体组成。从功能上看，细胞因子可分为促炎或抗炎、造血集落刺激因子、发育及伤口愈合维持免疫稳态。当细胞因子之间的平衡被打破时，它们可形成复杂的网络，可能影响体内稳态和疾病。细胞因子可影响许多疾病的抵抗力和易感性，若宿主细胞因子的产生和相互作用受到干扰，免疫发病机制就会出现。因此，靶向细胞因子的双特异性抗体和嵌合抗体构成了免疫治疗的重要模式。尽管该领域已发展得深入且广泛，但细胞因子生物学的许多领域仍不为人知。在此，我们通过各自的细胞因子受体家族，对这些细胞因子及其组织、信号传导和功能进行了综述。作为关于细胞因子在利什曼病中作用的特刊的一部分，本综述旨在用作细胞因子的有组织的入门介绍，而非详细讨论的资源——关于每种细胞因子，有一本两卷本的《细胞因子手册》可供参考。在向读者介绍细胞因子的基础上，我们接下来简要介绍细胞因子在利什曼病中的作用。简而言之，我们并未详述迄今已知的每种相关细胞因子，而是阐述了细胞因子与感染朝着愈合或不愈合等不同结局发展之间的时间关系。
