Song Jiawen, Luo Yang, Hao Zhuang, Qu Menglong, Huang Cong, Wang Ziran, Yang Jun, Liang Qingrou, Jia Yuan, Song Qiuming, Zhang Qiuting, Luo Sida
School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.
State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
Mater Today Bio. 2025 Mar 14;32:101667. doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.101667. eCollection 2025 Jun.
The growing demand for non-invasive, real-time health monitoring has driven the development of graphene-based wearable biosensors for point-of-care (POC) diagnostics. This review explores the surface functionalization of graphene and its critical role in enhancing the performance of wearable biosensors for biomarker detection. Leveraging graphene's exceptional electrical, mechanical, and biocompatible properties, we discuss how surface functionalization-such as covalent and non-covalent functionalization, biomolecular probes, and passivation layers-enable highly sensitive and selective detection of biomarkers in biofluids. We categorize biomarkers based on their physical properties and explore various wearable designs, including patches, contact lenses, microneedles, and textiles, highlighting their integration into POC devices. Furthermore, we examine the challenges and opportunities in translating graphene-based sensors from the lab to real-world applications, emphasizing the importance of biocompatibility and surface functionalization for improved performance. By bridging the gap between material science and biomedical engineering, this review provides a roadmap for the development of next-generation graphene biosensors that could revolutionize personalized medicine and point-of-care diagnostics.
对无创、实时健康监测的需求不断增长，推动了用于即时检测（POC）诊断的基于石墨烯的可穿戴生物传感器的发展。本综述探讨了石墨烯的表面功能化及其在提高用于生物标志物检测的可穿戴生物传感器性能方面的关键作用。利用石墨烯卓越的电学、机械和生物相容性特性，我们讨论了诸如共价和非共价功能化、生物分子探针以及钝化层等表面功能化如何实现对生物流体中生物标志物的高灵敏度和选择性检测。我们根据生物标志物的物理性质对其进行分类，并探索各种可穿戴设计，包括贴片、隐形眼镜、微针和纺织品，强调它们在即时检测设备中的集成。此外，我们研究了将基于石墨烯的传感器从实验室转化为实际应用所面临的挑战和机遇，强调生物相容性和表面功能化对提高性能的重要性。通过弥合材料科学与生物医学工程之间的差距，本综述为下一代石墨烯生物传感器的发展提供了路线图，这些传感器可能会彻底改变个性化医疗和即时检测诊断。
