Hanau Stefania, Maritati Martina, Contini Carlo, Trentini Alessandro, Manfrinato Maria Cristina, Almugadam Shawgi Hago
Department of Neuroscience & Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy.
Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy.
Vet Sci. 2025 Jun 1;12(6):536. doi: 10.3390/vetsci12060536.
Leishmaniasis are infectious diseases caused by several parasitic species of , mainly transmitted by the bite of infected phlebotomine sandflies. Humans, dogs, rodents, and other domestic and wild animals can act as reservoir hosts for the different species. It is a neglected tropical disease that is endemic in Asia, the Middle East, North and East Africa, the Mediterranean region, and South and Central America. Clinical manifestations and disease severity depend on the species of the infecting parasites and the immunity status of the host. represses the protective host immune response by manipulating the macrophage function, subverting cytokine expression to favor its survival and dissemination. A balance between pro-inflammatory and regulatory cells is necessary to bring a positive outcome. Accurate diagnosis and effective treatment represent the cornerstone in the control of this disease, although these are difficult in an environment of precariousness and poverty. Some recent studies highlighted the progressing work on diagnosis and treatments, such as the development of new benzimidazole-triazole derivatives for blocking the parasite growth, feline leishmaniasis with a comparison of immune responses in cats and dogs, and a transglutaminase that has been purified from . The results of these studies could open new avenues in combating leishmaniasis.
利什曼病是由几种利什曼原虫属寄生虫引起的传染病，主要通过受感染的白蛉叮咬传播。人类、狗、啮齿动物以及其他家养和野生动物可作为不同利什曼原虫物种的储存宿主。它是一种被忽视的热带病，在亚洲、中东、北非和东非、地中海地区以及南美洲和中美洲流行。临床表现和疾病严重程度取决于感染寄生虫的种类和宿主的免疫状态。利什曼原虫通过操纵巨噬细胞功能、颠覆细胞因子表达以利于其生存和传播，从而抑制保护性宿主免疫反应。促炎细胞和调节性细胞之间的平衡对于取得积极结果至关重要。准确诊断和有效治疗是控制该疾病的基石，尽管在不稳定和贫困的环境中做到这些很困难。最近的一些研究突出了在诊断和治疗方面取得的进展，例如开发用于阻断寄生虫生长的新型苯并咪唑 - 三唑衍生物、比较猫和狗免疫反应的猫利什曼病，以及从利什曼原虫中纯化出的一种转谷氨酰胺酶。这些研究结果可能为对抗利什曼病开辟新途径。
