Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital of Frankfurt, Goethe University, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str. 10, D-60528 Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2021 Jun;125:582-591. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.002. Epub 2021 Feb 11.
Studies have demonstrated an increased risk of accidents and injuries in children, adolescents and adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, little is known about how accident risk may alter over the lifespan. Additionally, it would be important to know if the most common types of accidents and injuries differ in ADHD patients over different age groups. Furthermore, there is increasing evidence of an ameliorating effect of ADHD medication on accident risk. Lastly, the underlying risk factors and causal mechanisms behind increased accident risk remain unclear. We therefore conducted a systematic review focusing on the above described research questions. Our results suggested that accident/injury type and overall risk changes in ADHD patients over the lifespan. ADHD medication appeared to be similarly effective at reducing accident risk in all age groups. However, studies with direct comparisons of accident/injuries and effects of medication at different age groups or in old age are still missing. Finally, comorbidities associated with ADHD such as substance abuse appear to further increase the accident/injury risk.
研究表明，患有注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的儿童、青少年和成年人发生事故和受伤的风险增加。然而，对于事故风险如何随年龄而变化知之甚少。此外，如果 ADHD 患者在不同年龄组中最常见的事故和伤害类型不同，那么了解这一点也很重要。此外，越来越多的证据表明 ADHD 药物治疗可以降低事故风险。最后，事故风险增加背后的潜在风险因素和因果机制仍不清楚。因此，我们进行了一项系统评价，重点关注上述研究问题。我们的研究结果表明，ADHD 患者在整个生命周期中的事故/伤害类型和整体风险发生了变化。ADHD 药物治疗似乎在所有年龄组中同样有效地降低了事故风险。然而，仍缺乏在不同年龄组或老年中直接比较事故/伤害和药物治疗效果的研究。最后，与 ADHD 相关的合并症，如药物滥用，似乎会进一步增加事故/伤害的风险。
