APHP Pitie-Salpêtrière-Charles-Foix, Epileptology Unit, Paris, France.
APHP Pitie-Salpêtrière-Charles-Foix, Epileptology Unit, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, UPMC, Paris, France; APHP Pitie-Salpêtrière-Charles-Foix, Neurophysiology Unit, Paris, France; Brain and Spine Institute (INSERM UMRS1127, CNRS UMR7225, UPMC), Paris, France.
J Chem Neuroanat. 2021 Apr;113:101925. doi: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2021.101925. Epub 2021 Feb 11.
Historically, the anterior part of the temporal lobe was labelled as a unique structure named Brain Area 38 by Brodmann or Temporopolar Area TG by Von Economo, but its functions were unknown at that time. Later on, a few studies proposed to divide the temporal pole in several different subparts, based on distinct cytoarchitectural structure or connectivity patterns, while a still growing number of studies have associated the temporal pole with many cognitive functions. In this review, we provide an overview of the temporal pole anatomical and histological structure and its various functions. We performed a literature review of articles published prior to September 30, 2020 that included 112 articles. The temporal pole has thereby been associated with several high-level cognitive processes: visual processing for complex objects and face recognition, autobiographic memory, naming and word-object labelling, semantic processing in all modalities, and socio-emotional processing, as demonstrated in healthy subjects and in patients with neurological or psychiatric diseases, especially in the field of neurodegenerative disorders. A good knowledge of those functions and the symptoms associated with temporal pole lesions or dysfunctions is helpful to identify these diseases, whose diagnosis may otherwise be difficult.
从历史上看，颞叶前部被布罗德曼（Brodmann）命名为脑区 38，或被冯·埃克曼（von Economo）命名为颞极区 TG，但当时其功能尚不清楚。后来，一些研究根据不同的细胞构筑结构或连接模式，提出将颞极分为几个不同的亚区，而越来越多的研究将颞极与许多认知功能联系起来。在这篇综述中，我们概述了颞极的解剖和组织学结构及其各种功能。我们对截至 2020 年 9 月 30 日发表的文章进行了文献回顾，共包括 112 篇文章。颞极与几种高级认知过程有关：复杂物体和面孔识别的视觉处理、自传体记忆、命名和词语标记、所有模态的语义处理以及社会情感处理，这些在健康受试者和患有神经或精神疾病的患者中都有研究，尤其是在神经退行性疾病领域。对这些功能和与颞极损伤或功能障碍相关的症状的充分了解有助于识别这些疾病，否则这些疾病的诊断可能很困难。
