Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia.
School of Foundation Studies, Xiamen University Malaysia, Selangor 43900, Malaysia.
J Integr Med. 2021 Jul;19(4):311-316. doi: 10.1016/j.joim.2021.01.001. Epub 2021 Jan 7.
Tetrandrine (TET) and fangchinoline (FAN) are dominant bisbenzylisoquinoline (BBIQ) alkaloids from the roots of Stephania tetrandra of the family Menispermaceae. BBIQ alkaloids comprise two benzylisoquinoline units linked by oxygen bridges. The molecular structures of TET and FAN are exactly the same, except that TET has a methoxy (-OCH) group, while FAN has a hydroxyl (-OH) group at C7. In this overview, the current knowledge on the chemistry, pharmacology and anticancer properties of TET and FAN have been updated. The focus is on colon and breast cancer cells, because they are most susceptible to TET and FAN, respectively. Against colon cancer cells, TET inhibits cell proliferation and tumor growth by inducing apoptosis and G1 cell cycle arrest, and suppresses adhesion, migration and invasion of cells. Against breast cancer cells, FAN inhibits cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis, G1-phase cell cycle arrest and inhibits cell migration. The processes involve various molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways. Some insights on the ability of TET and FAN to reverse multi-drug resistance in cancer cells and suggestions for future research are provided.
汉防己甲素（TET）和粉防己碱（FAN）是防己科千金藤属植物粉防己的主要双苄基异喹啉（BBIQ）生物碱。BBIQ 生物碱由两个通过氧桥连接的苄基异喹啉单元组成。TET 和 FAN 的分子结构完全相同，只是 TET 在 C7 位有一个甲氧基（-OCH）基团，而 FAN 有一个羟基（-OH）基团。在这篇综述中，更新了关于 TET 和 FAN 的化学、药理学和抗癌特性的现有知识。重点是结肠和乳腺癌细胞，因为它们分别对 TET 和 FAN 最敏感。针对结肠癌细胞，TET 通过诱导细胞凋亡和 G1 细胞周期阻滞来抑制细胞增殖和肿瘤生长，并抑制细胞的黏附、迁移和侵袭。针对乳腺癌细胞，FAN 通过诱导细胞凋亡、G1 期细胞周期阻滞和抑制细胞迁移来抑制细胞增殖。这些过程涉及各种分子机制和信号通路。提供了一些关于 TET 和 FAN 逆转癌细胞多药耐药能力的见解，并为未来的研究提供了建议。
