Joshi Ruchika Vinod, Gunawan Cindy, Mann Riti
iThree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Front Microbiol. 2021 Jan 28;12:635432. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.635432. eCollection 2021.
The ecological and medical significance of bacterial biofilms have been well recognized. Biofilms are harder to control than their planktonic free-living counterparts and quite recently, the focus of the study has shifted to the multispecies consortia, which represent the vast majority of real-case infection scenarios. Studies have begun to explore the complex interspecies interactions within these biofilms. However, only little attention is currently given to the role of cellular metabolites in the cell-to-cell communication. The concentration gradients of metabolic substrates and products affect the spatial growth of bacteria in multispecies biofilm. This, if looked into more deeply, can lead to identification of potential therapies targeting the specific metabolites and hence the coordinated protection in the bacterial community. Herein, we review the interspecies communications, including their metabolic cross-talking, in multispecies biofilm, to signify the importance of such interactions on the initial formation and subsequent growth of these biofilms. Multispecies biofilms with their species heterogeneity are more resilient to antimicrobial agents than their single species biofilm counterparts and this characteristic is of particular interest when dealing with pathogenic bacteria. In this Review, we also discuss the treatment options available, to include current and emerging avenues to combat pathogenic multispecies biofilms in the clinical, environmental, as well as industrial settings.
细菌生物膜的生态和医学意义已得到充分认识。生物膜比其浮游自由生活的对应物更难控制，最近，研究重点已转向多物种群落，这代表了绝大多数实际感染情况。研究已开始探索这些生物膜内复杂的种间相互作用。然而，目前细胞代谢物在细胞间通讯中的作用很少受到关注。代谢底物和产物的浓度梯度影响多物种生物膜中细菌的空间生长。如果更深入地研究这一点，可能会找到针对特定代谢物的潜在疗法，从而对细菌群落进行协同保护。在此，我们综述多物种生物膜中的种间通讯，包括它们的代谢相互作用，以表明这种相互作用对这些生物膜初始形成和后续生长的重要性。具有物种异质性的多物种生物膜比其单物种生物膜对应物更能抵抗抗菌剂，在处理病原菌时，这一特性尤其令人关注。在本综述中，我们还讨论了可用的治疗选择，包括在临床、环境以及工业环境中对抗致病性多物种生物膜的现有和新兴途径。
