Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
Front Immunol. 2021 Jan 28;11:599648. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.599648. eCollection 2020.
Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) affects over 350 million people worldwide. Current treatment does result in reduced complications; however, a cure (development of antibodies to the S antigen) is not achieved, requiring life-long therapy. Humoral responses contribute to viral elimination by secreting neutralizing antibodies; though, effective induction of humoral immunity require CD4T cell differentiation into T follicular helper (T) cells that support B cell response through interleukin-21 (IL-21). In CHB, mechanism of T-B interactions is seldom described. During CHB, T cells are defective in producing IL-21 in response to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). However, regardless of low IL-21, T cells efficiently support B cell responses by producing interleukin-27 (IL-27), which directs the formation of plasmablasts and plasma cells from memory and naïve B cells by enhancing B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1. IL-27 not only improved total antibody production but HBsAg-specific IgG and IgM secretion that are essential for viral clearance. Importantly, IL-27+T cells were significantly associated with HBV DNA reduction. Therefore, these findings imply a novel mechanism of T mediated B cell help in CHB and suggest that IL-27 effectively compensate the function of IL-21 by supporting T-B cell function, required for protective antibody response and may contribute to viral clearance by providing potential target for achieving a functional cure.
慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)影响着全球超过 3.5 亿人。目前的治疗确实可以减少并发症;然而,并没有实现治愈(产生针对 S 抗原的抗体),需要终身治疗。体液免疫反应通过分泌中和抗体有助于病毒的清除;尽管如此,有效的体液免疫诱导需要 CD4T 细胞分化为滤泡辅助 T(Tfh)细胞,通过白细胞介素-21(IL-21)来支持 B 细胞反应。在 CHB 中,T-B 相互作用的机制很少被描述。在 CHB 中,T 细胞在对乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)产生反应时产生 IL-21 的能力存在缺陷。然而,无论 IL-21 水平如何,T 细胞通过产生白细胞介素-27(IL-27)来有效地支持 B 细胞反应,IL-27 通过增强 B 淋巴细胞诱导成熟蛋白-1,促使记忆性和初始性 B 细胞分化为浆母细胞和浆细胞。IL-27 不仅提高了总抗体的产生,而且还提高了 HBsAg 特异性 IgG 和 IgM 的分泌,这对于病毒清除是至关重要的。重要的是,IL-27+T 细胞与 HBV DNA 减少显著相关。因此,这些发现表明了在 CHB 中 T 细胞介导 B 细胞辅助的新机制,并提示 IL-27 通过支持 T-B 细胞功能有效地弥补了 IL-21 的功能,这对于保护性抗体反应是必需的,并且通过提供实现功能性治愈的潜在目标,可能有助于病毒清除。
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