Lefferts Merel J, Humphreys Lisa H, Mai Nathalie, Murugappan Krishnan, Armitage Ben I, Pons Jean-François, Castell Martin R
Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK.
Centre for Defence Chemistry, Cranfield University, Defence Academy of the United Kingdom, Shrivenham, SN6 8LA, UK.
Analyst. 2021 Apr 7;146(7):2186-2193. doi: 10.1039/d0an02403a. Epub 2021 Feb 15.
Ammonium nitrate mixed with fuel oil (ANFO) is commonly used in improvised explosive devices (IEDs). The development of ANFO vapour sensors that are small, inexpensive, and easy to use will enable widespread IED detection in the context of security and humanitarian demining. Because of concealment and the low vapour pressures of most explosive materials, achieving sufficiently high sensitivity and low limits of detection are some of the main challenges of explosives vapour detection. Here ANFO chemiresistive vapour sensors based on polypyrrole (PPy) percolation networks are presented and compared to gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) results for ANFO. Improved sensitivities are achieved by using a polymer percolation network instead of a thin film for the gas sensors. Vapour concentrations are detected of 13-180 ppb of ammonia emitted by a variety of different ammonium nitrate-containing fertilisers and fertiliser-diesel mixtures.
硝酸铵与燃油混合（ANFO）常用于简易爆炸装置（IED）。开发体积小、成本低且易于使用的ANFO蒸汽传感器，将能够在安全和人道主义排雷背景下广泛检测IED。由于大多数爆炸材料具有隐蔽性且蒸气压低，实现足够高的灵敏度和低检测限是爆炸物蒸汽检测的一些主要挑战。本文介绍了基于聚吡咯（PPy）渗流网络的ANFO化学电阻蒸汽传感器，并将其与ANFO的气相色谱-质谱（GC/MS）结果进行了比较。通过使用聚合物渗流网络而非薄膜作为气体传感器，实现了更高的灵敏度。检测到了各种不同的含硝酸铵肥料和肥料-柴油混合物释放出的浓度为13-180 ppb的氨气。
