Smith Kathryn E, Luo Shan, Mason Tyler B
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2021 May;124:245-266. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.013. Epub 2021 Feb 12.
Dysregulated eating among children and adolescents is associated with a wide range of negative mental and physical health outcomes, including obesity. However, less is known regarding underlying neural mechanisms underlying such behaviors. Therefore, the present manuscript systematically reviewed neuroimaging research examining dysregulated eating behavior linked to excess weight in children and adolescents. A systematic literature search identified 23 eligible studies, the majority of which were cross-sectional functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies and excluded participants with psychiatric disorders. Dysregulated eating was captured by measures of eating styles and eating self-regulation, eating disorder behaviors, food addiction, objective measures of non-homeostatic eating and caloric restriction. While preliminary, findings suggested eating dysregulation was related to aberrant functioning within the frontostriatal and frontoparietal regions involved in self-regulatory processes, as well as regions involved in satiety signaling and interoception. This heterogeneous body of research is continually growing and may have potential to inform future prevention and intervention approaches. Results also identified several important limitations to consider and highlight key areas for future research.
儿童和青少年的饮食失调与一系列负面的身心健康结果相关，包括肥胖。然而，对于此类行为背后的神经机制，我们了解得较少。因此，本论文系统回顾了神经影像学研究，这些研究考察了与儿童和青少年超重相关的饮食失调行为。一项系统的文献检索确定了23项符合条件的研究，其中大多数是横断面功能磁共振成像（fMRI）研究，并且排除了患有精神疾病的参与者。饮食失调通过饮食方式和饮食自我调节、饮食失调行为、食物成瘾、非稳态饮食和热量限制的客观测量来体现。虽然研究尚处于初步阶段，但结果表明饮食失调与参与自我调节过程的额纹状体和额顶叶区域以及参与饱腹感信号和内感受的区域的异常功能有关。这一异质性的研究群体在不断壮大，可能有潜力为未来的预防和干预方法提供信息。研究结果还确定了几个需要考虑的重要局限性，并突出了未来研究的关键领域。
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