Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Coral Ecophysiology Team, 8 Quai Antoine 1er, MC-98000, Monaco.
ECOMARE, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2021 Apr;165:112129. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112129. Epub 2021 Feb 12.
Noise pollution is an anthropogenic stressor that is increasingly recognized for its negative impact on the physiology, behavior and fitness of marine organisms. Driven by the recent expansion of maritime shipping, artisanal fishing and tourism (e.g., motorboats used for recreational purpose), underwater noise increased greatly on coral reefs. In this review, we first provide an overview on how reef organisms sense and use sound. Thereafter we review the current knowledge on how underwater noise affects different reef organisms. Although the majority of available examples are limited to few fish species, we emphasize how the impact of noise differs based on an organisms' acoustic sensitivity, mobility and developmental stage, as well as between noise type, source and duration. Finally, we highlight measures available to governments, the shipping industry and individual users and provide directions for polices and research aimed to manage this global issue of noise emission on coral reefs.
噪声污染是一种人为的压力源，其对海洋生物的生理、行为和适应能力的负面影响正日益受到关注。近年来，随着海上运输、手工捕鱼和旅游业（例如，用于娱乐目的的摩托艇）的扩张，水下噪声在珊瑚礁中大幅增加。在这篇综述中，我们首先概述了珊瑚生物如何感知和利用声音。然后，我们回顾了水下噪声如何影响不同珊瑚生物的现有知识。尽管大多数现有实例仅限于少数几种鱼类，但我们强调了噪声的影响如何基于生物体的听觉灵敏度、移动性和发育阶段而有所不同，以及噪声类型、来源和持续时间的不同。最后，我们强调了政府、航运业和个人用户可采取的措施，并为旨在管理珊瑚礁噪声排放这一全球性问题的政策和研究提供了方向。
