Webb G R, Bowman J A, Sanson-Fisher R W
Faculty of Medicine, University of Newcastle, Australia.
Accid Anal Prev. 1988 Apr;20(2):109-15. doi: 10.1016/0001-4575(88)90026-7.
Despite the effectiveness of safety restraints in reducing the risk of death or injury in motor vehicle accidents, many children still travel unrestrained. Two methodological issues related to child restraint studies which had not been adequately addressed were identified: firstly, the accuracy of parental self-reports of restraint use with their children; and secondly, the consistency of observational data over time. These issues were investigated in the present research. The data indicate that parents' report is inaccurate, suggesting that if self-report measures are used, there is a need to compare them with direct observational measures to obtain information on reporting bias. A single observation of a child's restraint use appears to provide an accurate reflection of restraint use on other occasions in the same setting.
尽管安全约束装置在降低机动车事故中死亡或受伤风险方面很有效，但仍有许多儿童乘车时未使用约束装置。研究发现了两个与儿童约束装置研究相关但未得到充分解决的方法学问题：其一，父母关于其子女使用约束装置情况的自我报告的准确性；其二，观察数据随时间的一致性。本研究对这些问题进行了调查。数据表明父母的报告不准确，这表明如果使用自我报告措施，有必要将其与直接观察措施进行比较，以获取有关报告偏差的信息。对儿童使用约束装置情况进行一次观察似乎就能准确反映同一环境中其他场合的使用情况。
