Till M, Abu-Omar K, Ferschl S, Reimers A K, Gelius P
Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen Nuremberg, Gebbertstraße 123b, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
BMC Public Health. 2021 Feb 15;21(1):353. doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-10151-3.
The capability approach by Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum has gained increasing attention in the field of public health. As it combines individual, social and structural factors and shifts the focus of attention from the actual behavior towards available options for health behaviors that people can actually choose from, it may help advance our understanding of complex health issues.
The aim of this article is to identify and describe tools available to measure capabilities within the context of health, with a specific focus on capabilities for health-enhancing physical activity.
We conducted a systematic literature review using 11 databases covering scientific journal articles published in English or German between the years 2000 and 2020 with a focus on capabilities for health or physical activity.
We found a total of 51 articles meeting our inclusion criteria. Four articles measured capabilities using qualitative methods, one combined qualitative and quantitative methods, while the rest used quantitative methods. We identified a total 11 different capability questionnaires, all showing moderate to good validity/reliability. Only one questionnaire and one interview-based tool specifically dealt with capabilities for health enhancing physical activity.
Although we were able to identify measurement tools for capabilities in health, this review has shown that there is no generic tool available for the measurement across all population- and age-groups, and tools focusing on physical activity are scarce. However, our results can be used as guide for future projects that aim at measuring capabilities.
阿玛蒂亚·森和玛莎·努斯鲍姆提出的能力方法在公共卫生领域受到越来越多的关注。由于它综合了个人、社会和结构因素，并将关注焦点从实际行为转向人们实际可以选择的健康行为的可用选项，它可能有助于推进我们对复杂健康问题的理解。
本文旨在识别和描述在健康背景下可用于衡量能力的工具，特别关注促进健康的身体活动能力。
我们使用11个数据库进行了系统的文献综述，涵盖2000年至2020年间以英文或德文发表的科学期刊文章，重点是健康或身体活动能力。
我们共找到51篇符合纳入标准的文章。4篇文章使用定性方法衡量能力，1篇结合了定性和定量方法，其余使用定量方法。我们总共识别出11种不同的能力问卷，所有问卷都显示出中等至良好的效度/信度。只有一份问卷和一种基于访谈的工具专门涉及促进健康的身体活动能力。
虽然我们能够识别健康领域能力的测量工具，但本次综述表明，没有适用于所有人群和年龄组的通用测量工具，且关注身体活动的工具稀缺。然而，我们的结果可作为未来旨在测量能力的项目的指南。
