Institute of Education, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China.
CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.
Psych J. 2021 Apr;10(2):254-262. doi: 10.1002/pchj.418. Epub 2021 Feb 15.
This study aimed to assess social preferences in dynamic interpersonal interactions among preschool children and to examine the effects of peer relationship (friend vs. stranger) and peer presence (peer presence vs. peer absence) on giving and repaying. Ninety-nine children participated in a triad game, which consisted of two mixed-dictator games. The allocations from a proposer in the first dictator game were evaluated as giving, and the allocations from two respondents in the second dictator game were evaluated as repaying friends and strangers. The results indicated that children did not have any specific social preferences for friends in giving and repaying but had altruistic and fair preferences for giving to strangers, and strangers had egoistic preferences in repaying. Furthermore, children allocated more to strangers than to friends and allocated more in peer presence. Besides, friends positively reciprocated to proposers in peer absence and repaid less in peer presence. However, strangers consistently repaid less regardless of whether peers were present or not. These results provide more evidence for the assumption of weak ties in giving and demonstrate the strength of strong ties in repaying. These findings enhance our understanding of the interplay of childhood interactions in the development of early relationships.
本研究旨在评估学前儿童在动态人际互动中的社会偏好，并考察同伴关系（朋友与陌生人）和同伴在场（同伴在场与同伴不在场）对给予和回报的影响。99 名儿童参与了三人游戏，其中包括两个混合独裁者游戏。第一个独裁者游戏中提议者的分配被评估为给予，第二个独裁者游戏中两个回应者的分配被评估为回报朋友和陌生人。结果表明，儿童在给予和回报方面对朋友没有特定的偏好，但对给予陌生人有利他和公平的偏好，而陌生人在回报方面有自我中心的偏好。此外，儿童在场时分配给陌生人的钱比朋友多，在场时分配的钱也更多。此外，朋友在同伴不在场时会积极回报提议者，而在同伴在场时回报较少。然而，陌生人无论同伴是否在场，回报都较少。这些结果为给予中的弱关系假设提供了更多证据，并证明了回报中的强关系的力量。这些发现增进了我们对儿童互动在早期关系发展中的相互作用的理解。
