Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2021 May 1;37(3):267-274. doi: 10.1097/MOG.0000000000000719.
Recent advances in computed tomography (CT), ultrasound (US), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and nuclear radiology have improved the diagnosis and characterization of small bowel pathology. Our purpose is to highlight the current status and recent advances in multimodality noninvasive imaging of the small bowel.
CT and MR enterography are established techniques for small bowel evaluation. Dual-energy CT is a novel technique that has shown promise for the mesenteric ischemia and small bowel bleeding. Advanced US techniques and MRI sequences are being investigated to improve assessment of bowel inflammation, treatment response assessment, motility, and mural fibrosis. Novel radiotracers and scanner technologies have made molecular imaging the new reference standard for small bowel neuroendocrine tumors. Computational image analysis and artificial intelligence (AI) have the potential to augment physician expertise, reduce errors and variability in assessment of the small bowel on imaging.
Advances in translational imaging research coupled with progress in imaging technology have led to a wider adoption of cross-sectional imaging for the evaluation and management of small bowel entities. Ongoing developments in image acquisition and postprocessing techniques, molecular imaging and AI have the strongest potential to transform the care and outcomes of patients with small bowel diseases.
计算机断层扫描（CT）、超声（US）、磁共振成像（MRI）和核放射学的最新进展提高了小肠病变的诊断和特征分析能力。我们旨在强调小肠多模态非侵入性成像的现状和最新进展。
CT 和 MR 肠造影术是小肠评估的成熟技术。双能 CT 是一种新兴技术，有望用于肠系膜缺血和小肠出血。正在研究先进的 US 技术和 MRI 序列，以改善对肠炎症、治疗反应评估、动力和壁纤维化的评估。新型放射性示踪剂和扫描仪技术使分子成像成为小肠神经内分泌肿瘤的新参考标准。计算影像学分析和人工智能（AI）有可能增强医生的专业知识，减少对小肠成像评估中的错误和可变性。
转化成像研究的进展加上成像技术的进步，导致横断面成像在评估和管理小肠疾病方面的应用更加广泛。图像采集和后处理技术、分子成像和 AI 的不断发展，最有可能改变小肠疾病患者的护理和预后。
