Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria.
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
J Immunoassay Immunochem. 2021 Jul 4;42(4):380-392. doi: 10.1080/15321819.2021.1880435. Epub 2021 Feb 16.
Human Parvovirus B19 (B19 V) infection is hyperendemic in Nigeria. Pregnant women are not classically immunocompromised but maybe physiologically immunosuppressed and susceptible to viral infection. However, there is a paucity of studies on the epidemiology of B19V in Jigawa State, Northwestern Nigeria. This study aims to determine the seroprevalence, sociodemographic, and risk factors of human B19V infection among present women attending antenatal clinics of Jahun General Hospital, Nigeria. Between 2 February and 30 June 2019, blood samples were collected from 200 consented pregnant women and analyzed for anti-B19V IgM and IgG using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Sociodemographic and risk factors of subjects were collated through pre-tested structured questionnaires. Data generated were statistically analyzed for the association of anti-B19V and subjects' variables studied. Overall, the seroprevalence of anti-B19V IgM and IgG among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics of Jahun General Hospital, Nigeria was 6.0% and 22.5%, respectively. There was no significant association between the seroprevalence of anti-B19V IgM and anti-B19V IgG with all the sociodemographic variables and risk factors of pregnant women ( ˃0.05). However, pregnant women with a history of blood transfusion had a significant risk associated with seroprevalence of B19V IgM (OR = 5.95; 95% CI: 1.96-22.76; = .009). Findings from this study revealed that a high proportion of the pregnant women were susceptible to B19V infection and anti-B19V IgG immunity decreased with age. Given the incidence of acute B19V infection, it is clinically important to continuously monitor their erythrocytes indices and screen their neonates for B19V infection and fetal complications.
人类细小病毒 B19（B19V）感染在尼日利亚呈高度地方性流行。孕妇并非经典意义上的免疫功能低下，但可能存在生理性免疫抑制，易受病毒感染。然而，关于尼日利亚西北部吉加瓦州 B19V 的流行病学研究甚少。本研究旨在确定在尼日利亚 Jahun 综合医院就诊的孕妇中，人类 B19V 感染的血清流行率、社会人口学和危险因素。2019 年 2 月 2 日至 6 月 30 日，采集了 200 名同意参加研究的孕妇的血样，使用商业上可用的酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测抗 B19V IgM 和 IgG。通过预测试的结构化问卷收集了受试者的社会人口学和危险因素。对所产生的数据进行了统计学分析，以研究抗 B19V 与研究对象变量之间的关系。总体而言，尼日利亚 Jahun 综合医院就诊的孕妇中抗 B19V IgM 和 IgG 的血清流行率分别为 6.0%和 22.5%。抗 B19V IgM 和 IgG 的血清流行率与所有孕妇的社会人口学变量和危险因素均无显著相关性（˃0.05）。然而，有输血史的孕妇与 B19V 感染的血清流行率有显著的相关性（OR=5.95；95%CI：1.96-22.76；=0.009）。本研究结果表明，相当一部分孕妇易受 B19V 感染，抗 B19V IgG 免疫力随年龄增长而下降。鉴于急性 B19V 感染的发生率，持续监测其红细胞指数并对其新生儿进行 B19V 感染和胎儿并发症筛查具有重要的临床意义。
