School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road 1, Nanjing 210023, China.
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy New York, 12180, USA; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy New York, 12180, USA.
Carbohydr Polym. 2021 Apr 15;258:117672. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117672. Epub 2021 Jan 22.
Glycans and glycoconjugates in nature include macromolecules with important biological activities and widely distributed in all living organisms. These oligosaccharides and polysaccharides play important roles in a variety of normal physiological and pathological processes, such as cell metastasis, signal transduction, intercellular adhesion, inflammation, and immune response. However, the heterogeneity of naturally occurring glycans and glycoconjugates complicates detailed structure-activity relationship studies resulting in an incomplete understanding of their mechanisms of action and hindering further applications. Therefore, the synthesis of homogeneous, or nearly homogeneous, structurally defined glycans is of great significance for the development of carbohydrate-based drugs. One-pot synthesis represents the fastest strategy to assemble oligosaccharides and polysaccharides, although unfortunately, typically relies on random assembly. In this review, we examine the progress that has been made in the controlled one-pot synthesis of homogeneous or nearly homogeneous oligosaccharides and polysaccharides providing a broad spectrum of options to access size-controlled glycan products.
天然存在的糖和糖缀合物包括具有重要生物活性的大分子，广泛分布于所有生物体中。这些寡糖和多糖在多种正常生理和病理过程中发挥着重要作用，如细胞转移、信号转导、细胞间黏附、炎症和免疫反应。然而，天然存在的糖和糖缀合物的异质性使得详细的结构-活性关系研究变得复杂，导致对其作用机制的认识不完整，并阻碍了进一步的应用。因此，合成均一或近均一、结构明确的聚糖对于开发基于碳水化合物的药物具有重要意义。一锅法合成代表了组装寡糖和多糖的最快策略，尽管不幸的是，它通常依赖于随机组装。在这篇综述中，我们考察了在均一或近均一寡糖和多糖的可控一锅法合成方面取得的进展，为获得大小可控的糖产物提供了广泛的选择。
