多发性硬化症中神经胶质细胞类型的多样性和功能。
Diversity and Function of Glial Cell Types in Multiple Sclerosis.
机构信息
Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Center for Translational Neuroscience and Institute for Innate Immunoscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
Department of Neurobiology and the Brudnik Neuropsychiatric Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
出版信息
Trends Immunol. 2021 Mar;42(3):228-247. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2021.01.005. Epub 2021 Feb 13.
Glial subtype diversity is an emerging topic in neurobiology and immune-mediated neurological diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). We discuss recent conceptual and technological advances that allow a better understanding of the transcriptomic and functional heterogeneity of oligodendrocytes (OLs), astrocytes, and microglial cells under inflammatory-demyelinating conditions. Recent single cell transcriptomic studies suggest the occurrence of novel homeostatic and reactive glial subtypes and provide insight into the molecular events during disease progression. Multiplexed RNA in situ hybridization has enabled 'mapping back' dysregulated gene expression to glial subtypes within the MS lesion microenvironment. These findings suggest novel homeostatic and reactive glial-cell-type functions both in immune-related processes and neuroprotection relevant to understanding the pathology of MS.
神经胶质细胞亚型多样性是神经生物学和免疫介导的神经疾病（如多发性硬化症）中的一个新兴课题。我们讨论了最近的概念和技术进展，这些进展使人们能够更好地理解在炎症脱髓鞘条件下少突胶质细胞（OLs）、星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞的转录组和功能异质性。最近的单细胞转录组学研究表明，新型稳态和反应性神经胶质细胞亚型的出现，并深入了解疾病进展过程中的分子事件。多重 RNA 原位杂交使失调基因表达能够“回溯”到 MS 病变微环境中的神经胶质细胞亚型。这些发现表明，在免疫相关过程中和与理解 MS 病理学相关的神经保护中，存在新型稳态和反应性神经胶质细胞功能。
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