Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, 3175 Ste Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada.
Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, H3T 1A8, Canada.
Sci Rep. 2021 Feb 16;11(1):3878. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-80587-5.
Recent advances have added another dimension to the complexity of cardiometabolic disorders (CMD) by directly implicating the gastrointestinal tract as a key player. In fact, multiple factors could interfere with intestinal homeostasis and elicit extra-intestinal CMD. As oxidative stress (OxS), inflammation, insulin resistance and lipid abnormalities are among the most disruptive events, the aim of the present study is to explore whether proanthocyanidins (PACs) exert protective effects against these disorders. To this end, fully differentiated intestinal Caco-2/15 cells were pre-incubated with PACs with and without the pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory iron/ascorbate (Fe/Asc). PACs significantly reduce malondialdehyde, a biomarker of lipid peroxidation, and raise antioxidant SOD2 and GPx via the increase of NRF2/Keap1 ratio. Likewise, PACs decrease the inflammatory agents TNFα and COX2 through abrogation of NF-κB. Moreover, according to crucial biomarkers, PACs result in lipid homeostasis improvement as reflected by enhanced fatty acid β-oxidation, diminished lipogenesis, and lowered gluconeogenesis as a result of PPARα, γ and SREBP1c modulation. Since these metabolic routes are mainly regulated by insulin sensitivity, we have examined the insulin signaling pathway and found an upregulation of phosphoPI3K/Akt and downregulation of p38-MAPK expressions, indicating beneficial effects in response to PACs. Taken together, PACs display the potential to counterbalance OxS and inflammation in Fe/Asc-exposed intestinal cells, in association with an improvement of insulin sensitivity, which ameliorates lipid and glucose homeostasis.
最近的研究进展表明,胃肠道在代谢紊乱中发挥关键作用,这使得心血管代谢紊乱(CMD)的复杂性又增加了一个维度。事实上,多种因素可能会干扰肠道内环境稳态并引发肠道外的 CMD。由于氧化应激(OxS)、炎症、胰岛素抵抗和脂质异常是最具破坏性的事件之一,本研究旨在探讨原花青素(PACs)是否对这些疾病具有保护作用。为此,用 PACs 预处理分化完全的肠道 Caco-2/15 细胞,同时用促氧化剂和促炎剂铁/抗坏血酸(Fe/Asc)预处理。PACs 可显著降低丙二醛(脂质过氧化的生物标志物)的含量,同时通过增加 NRF2/Keap1 比值提高抗氧化 SOD2 和 GPx 的水平。同样,PACs 通过抑制 NF-κB 减少 TNFα 和 COX2 等炎症因子。此外,根据关键生物标志物,PACs 可通过调节 PPARα、γ 和 SREBP1c 来改善脂质代谢平衡,表现为增强脂肪酸β氧化、减少脂肪生成和降低糖异生。由于这些代谢途径主要受胰岛素敏感性的调节,我们研究了胰岛素信号通路,发现磷酸化 PI3K/Akt 表达上调,p38-MAPK 表达下调,这表明 PACs 具有有益的作用。综上所述,PACs 具有在 Fe/Asc 暴露的肠道细胞中对抗 OxS 和炎症的潜力,同时改善胰岛素敏感性,从而改善脂质和葡萄糖代谢平衡。