Photonics, Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg. 2021 Mar;39(3):164-177. doi: 10.1089/photob.2020.4887. Epub 2021 Feb 15.
The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of optical spectroscopy as a nondestructive approach in monitoring the skin melanoma cancer cell response to treatment. Owing to the growing trend of personalized medicine, monitoring the treatment response individually is particularly crucial for optimizing cancer therapy efficiency. In the past decade, optical sensing, using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, has been used to improve the identification of cancerous lesions in various organs. Until now, surveys have mainly focused on the nondestructive application of optical sensing used to diagnose and discriminate normal and abnormal biomedical lesions or samples. Meanwhile, the response to the treatment might be monitored using these nondestructive technologies, thereby enabling further therapeutic modification. The human skin melanoma cell line (A375) donated from Switzerland (University Hospital Basel) was cultured. Vemurafenib (Zelboraf; Genentech/Roche, South San Francisco, CA) was used for cell treatments. The visible-near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy was conducted at different time intervals (before treatment, and at 1, 2, 7, and 14 days post-treatment for three drug doses 5, 25, and 75 μM) on cell plates using the portable CCD-based fiber optical spectrometer (USB2000; Ocean Optics). After data collection, the refractive index analysis for the fore-mentioned doses and days in one selected wavelength of 620 nm was examined using the previously developed computer program. Then, biological assays were selected as gold standard of cell death, apoptosis, and drug resistance gene expression. There was a considerable decrease in the refractive index of cell samples in which biological assay confirmed cell death. Based on the flow cytometry data, a drug dose of 25 μM on day 7 seemed to induce necrosis. These findings show that spectroscopic findings strongly agree with concurrent biological studies and might lead to their use as an alternative method for monitoring treatment response to achieve more optimized cancer treatment. The findings show that reflectance spectroscopy, as a nondestructive real-time label-free way, is capable of providing quantitative information for treatment response determination that corresponds with biological assays.
本研究旨在探讨光学光谱学作为一种非破坏性方法在监测皮肤黑色素瘤癌细胞对治疗反应中的可行性。由于个性化医疗的趋势不断增长，单独监测治疗反应对于优化癌症治疗效率尤为重要。在过去的十年中，使用漫反射光谱学的光学传感已被用于改善对各种器官中癌变病变的识别。到目前为止，调查主要集中在使用光学传感进行无损应用，以诊断和区分正常和异常的生物医学病变或样本上。同时，也可以使用这些无损技术来监测治疗反应，从而进一步进行治疗修正。 从瑞士（巴塞尔大学医院）捐赠的人皮肤黑色素瘤细胞系（A375）进行培养。使用vemurafenib（Zelboraf；基因泰克/罗氏，加利福尼亚州南旧金山）进行细胞处理。在不同的时间间隔（治疗前，以及治疗后 1、2、7 和 14 天，使用三个药物剂量 5、25 和 75μM），在细胞板上使用便携式基于 CCD 的光纤光谱仪（USB2000；海洋光学）进行可见近红外反射光谱测量。在数据收集后，使用之前开发的计算机程序检查在一个选定的波长 620nm 下对上述剂量和天数的折射率分析。然后，选择生物测定作为细胞死亡、细胞凋亡和药物抗性基因表达的金标准。 在生物测定证实细胞死亡的细胞样本中，折射率有相当大的降低。基于流式细胞术数据，在第 7 天使用 25μM 的药物剂量似乎会诱导坏死。这些发现表明，光谱学发现与同时进行的生物学研究非常吻合，并可能导致其被用作监测治疗反应的替代方法，以实现更优化的癌症治疗。 这些发现表明，反射光谱学作为一种非破坏性的实时无标记方法，能够提供与生物学测定相对应的治疗反应确定的定量信息。
