Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.
Memory. 2022 Apr;30(4):388-395. doi: 10.1080/09658211.2020.1863990. Epub 2021 Feb 17.
Research on the pretesting effect has shown that attempting to retrieve or generate information, even when unsuccessful, can potentiate the subsequent learning and remembering of that information. In the current research, we tested the hypothesis that when information can be accessed online, people may be less likely to retrieve or generate information on their own, thus making them less likely to benefit from the pretesting effect. The results of two experiments failed to provide support for this hypothesis. Participants remembered pretested information better than non-pretested information regardless of whether they were required to attempt to retrieve answers from memory or search for the answers using Google. The results suggest that the benefits of pretesting can be observed even when people rely on the internet to answer the questions they encounter.
预测试效应的研究表明，即使尝试检索或生成信息不成功，也能增强随后对该信息的学习和记忆。在当前的研究中，我们检验了这样一个假设，即当信息可以在线访问时，人们可能不太愿意自行检索或生成信息，因此他们不太可能从预测试效应中受益。两项实验的结果都没有支持这一假设。无论参与者是否需要尝试从记忆中检索答案，还是使用谷歌搜索答案，他们对预测试过的信息的记忆都比对未预测试过的信息的记忆要好。结果表明，即使人们依靠互联网来回答他们遇到的问题，也能观察到预测试的好处。
