Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA.
BMC Psychol. 2023 Mar 27;11(1):82. doi: 10.1186/s40359-023-01041-5.
This study aims to investigate growing Internet use in relation to memory and cognition. Though literature reveals human capability to utilize the Internet as a transactive memory source, the formational mechanisms of such transactive memory systems are not extensively explored. The Internet's comparative effects on transactive memory and semantic memory are also relatively unknown.
This study comprises two experimental memory task survey phases utilizing null hypothesis and standard error tests to assess significance of results.
When information is expected to be saved and accessible, recall rates are lower, regardless of explicit instructions to remember (Phase 1, N = 20). Phase 2 suggests the importance of order of attempted recall: depending on whether users first attempt to recall (1) desired information or (2) the information's location, subsequent successful cognitive retrieval is more likely to occur for (1) only desired information or both desired information and location thereof or (2) only desired information's location, respectively (N = 22).
This study yields several theoretical advances in memory research. The notion of information being saved online and accessible in the future negatively affects semantic memory. Phase 2 reveals an adaptive dynamic-(1) as Internet users often have a vague idea of desired information before searching for it on the Internet, first accessing semantic memory serves as an aid for subsequent transactive memory use and (2) if transactive memory access is successful, the need to retrieve desired information from semantic memory is inherently eliminated. By repeatedly defaulting to first accessing semantic memory and then transactive memory or to accessing transactive memory only, Internet users may form and reinforce transactive memory systems with the Internet, or may refrain from enhancing and decrease reliance on transactive memory systems by repeatedly defaulting to access only semantic memory; the formation and permanence of transactive memory systems are subject to users' will. Future research spans the domains of psychology and philosophy.
本研究旨在探讨互联网使用的增长与记忆和认知的关系。尽管文献揭示了人类利用互联网作为交互记忆源的能力，但这种交互记忆系统的形成机制并未得到广泛探索。互联网对交互记忆和语义记忆的比较影响也相对未知。
本研究包括两个实验记忆任务调查阶段，利用零假设和标准误差测试来评估结果的显著性。
当信息预计被保存和可访问时，无论是否有明确的记忆指令（阶段 1，N=20），回忆率都会降低。阶段 2表明尝试回忆的顺序很重要：取决于用户是首先尝试回忆（1）所需信息还是（2）该信息的位置，随后成功的认知检索更有可能发生在（1）仅所需信息或（1）所需信息及其位置，或者（2）仅所需信息的位置，分别为（N=22）。
本研究在记忆研究方面取得了几个理论进展。信息在线保存并在未来可访问的概念对语义记忆产生负面影响。阶段 2揭示了一种自适应动态-（1）因为互联网用户在上网搜索所需信息之前通常对其只有模糊的概念，首先访问语义记忆有助于随后使用交互记忆，以及（2）如果交互记忆访问成功，从语义记忆中检索所需信息的需求就会被内在地消除。通过反复默认首先访问语义记忆然后访问交互记忆，或者只访问交互记忆，互联网用户可能会形成和强化与互联网的交互记忆系统，或者通过反复默认只访问语义记忆来避免增强和减少对交互记忆系统的依赖；交互记忆系统的形成和持久性取决于用户的意愿。未来的研究跨越了心理学和哲学的领域。
