Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
Virol J. 2021 Feb 17;18(1):36. doi: 10.1186/s12985-021-01504-4.
Influenza A virus (IAV) contains a genome with eight single-stranded, negative-sense RNA segments that encode 17 proteins. During its assembly, all eight separate viral RNA (vRNA) segments are incorporated into virions in a selective manner. Evidence suggested that the highly selective genome packaging mechanism relies on RNA-RNA or protein-RNA interactions. The specific structures of each vRNA that contribute to mediating the packaging of the vRNA into virions have been described and identified as packaging signals. Abundant research indicated that sequences required for genome incorporation are not series and are varied among virus genotypes. The packaging signals play important roles in determining the virus replication, genome incorporation and genetic reassortment of influenza A virus. In this review, we discuss recent studies on influenza A virus packaging signals to provide an overview of their characteristics and functions.
甲型流感病毒（IAV）包含一个基因组，由八个单链、负义 RNA 片段组成，编码 17 种蛋白。在其组装过程中，所有八个单独的病毒 RNA（vRNA）片段以选择性的方式被整合到病毒粒子中。有证据表明，高度选择性的基因组包装机制依赖于 RNA-RNA 或蛋白-RNA 相互作用。每个 vRNA 的特定结构有助于将 vRNA 包装到病毒粒子中，这些结构被描述并鉴定为包装信号。大量研究表明，参与基因组整合所需的序列不连续，并且在病毒基因型之间存在差异。包装信号在决定甲型流感病毒的病毒复制、基因组整合和遗传重配方面发挥着重要作用。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了甲型流感病毒包装信号的最新研究，以提供其特征和功能的概述。
