Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA.
Center for Animal Health Research, CISA-INIA-CSIC, 28130 Madrid, Spain.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Oct 1;25(19):10584. doi: 10.3390/ijms251910584.
Studying influenza A viruses (IAVs) requires secondary experimental procedures to detect the presence of the virus in infected cells or animals. The ability to generate recombinant (r)IAV using reverse genetics techniques has allowed investigators to generate viruses expressing foreign genes, including fluorescent and luciferase proteins. These rIAVs expressing reporter genes have allowed for easily tracking viral infections in cultured cells and animal models of infection without the need for secondary approaches, representing an excellent option to study different aspects in the biology of IAV where expression of reporter genes can be used as a readout of viral replication and spread. Likewise, these reporter-expressing rIAVs provide an excellent opportunity for the rapid identification and characterization of prophylactic and/or therapeutic approaches. To date, rIAV expressing reporter genes from different viral segments have been described in the literature. Among those, rIAV expressing reporter genes from the viral NS segment have been shown to represent an excellent option to track IAV infection in vitro and in vivo, eliminating the need for secondary approaches to identify the presence of the virus. Here, we summarize the status on rIAV expressing traceable reporter genes from the viral NS segment and their applications for in vitro and in vivo influenza research.
研究甲型流感病毒 (IAV) 需要进行二次实验程序来检测感染细胞或动物中病毒的存在。使用反向遗传学技术生成重组 (r)IAV 的能力使研究人员能够生成表达外源基因的病毒，包括荧光和荧光素酶蛋白。这些表达报告基因的 rIAV 允许在不使用二次方法的情况下，轻松跟踪培养细胞和感染动物模型中的病毒感染，这是研究 IAV 生物学的不同方面的一个极好选择，其中报告基因的表达可以用作病毒复制和传播的读数。同样，这些表达报告基因的 rIAV 为快速鉴定和表征预防性和/或治疗性方法提供了极好的机会。迄今为止，文献中已经描述了来自不同病毒片段的表达报告基因的 rIAV。其中，来自病毒 NS 片段的表达报告基因的 rIAV 已被证明是体外和体内追踪 IAV 感染的极佳选择，无需进行二次方法来确定病毒的存在。在这里，我们总结了表达来自病毒 NS 片段的可追踪报告基因的 rIAV 的现状及其在体外和体内流感研究中的应用。
