Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
Cardiac Neuroscience Laboratory, Center of Alcohol and Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2021 Jun;238(6):1621-1631. doi: 10.1007/s00213-021-05796-w. Epub 2021 Feb 18.
Alcohol priming can modulate the value of rewards, as observed through the effects of acute alcohol administration on cue reactivity. However, little is known about the psychophysiological mechanisms driving these effects. Here, we examine how alcohol-induced changes in bodily states shape the development of implicit attentional biases and explicit cue reactivity.
To characterize the interoceptive correlates of alcohol priming effects on alcohol attentional biases and cue reactivity.
In a two-session double-blind alcohol administration procedure, participants (n=31) were given a 0.4-g/kg dose of alcohol or a placebo drink. Cardiovascular responses were measured before and after alcohol administration to observe the effects of alcohol on viscero-afferent reactivity, as indexed through changes in heart rate variability (HRV) at or near 0.1 Hz (0.1-Hz HRV). Next, participants completed a modified flanker task to examine implicit alcohol attentional biases and provided subjective valence and arousal ratings of alcohol cues to examine explicit cue reactivity.
We found that changes in 0.1-Hz HRV after alcohol administration positively correlated with attentional biases, and negatively correlated with alcohol valence ratings; blood alcohol content was a null predictor.
This is novel evidence that suggests alcohol-induced changes in bodily states may mediate the occurrence of alcohol priming effects and highlights the potentially generative role of interoceptive mechanisms in alcohol-related behaviors. The differential patterns revealed by implicit biases and explicit response tendencies are considered within the context of the dissociation between wanting and liking.
酒精引发作用可以调节奖励的价值，这可以通过观察急性酒精给药对线索反应的影响来发现。然而，人们对驱动这些效应的心理生理机制知之甚少。在这里，我们研究了酒精引起的身体状态变化如何塑造内感受偏差和外显线索反应的发展。
描述酒精引发作用对酒精注意力偏差和线索反应的内感受相关性。
在两次双盲酒精给药的过程中，参与者（n=31）被给予 0.4g/kg 的酒精或安慰剂饮料。在酒精给药前后测量心血管反应，以观察酒精对内脏传入反应的影响，这通过心率变异性（HRV）在 0.1Hz 左右的变化来衡量（0.1-Hz HRV）。接下来，参与者完成了一个改良的 Flanker 任务，以检查内隐的酒精注意力偏差，并对酒精线索进行主观的效价和唤醒评分，以检查外显的线索反应。
我们发现，酒精给药后 0.1-Hz HRV 的变化与注意力偏差呈正相关，与酒精效价评分呈负相关；而血液酒精含量则没有预测作用。
这是新的证据，表明身体状态的酒精诱导变化可能介导酒精引发作用的发生，并强调了内感受机制在酒精相关行为中的潜在生成作用。在想要和喜欢之间的差异的背景下，内隐偏差和外显反应倾向所揭示的差异模式被考虑在内。
