Inhibition of Oxyanions on Redox-driven Transformation of Layered Manganese Oxides.

Layered manganese (Mn) oxides, such as birnessite, can reductively transform into other phases and thereby affect the environmental behavior of Mn oxides. Solution chemistry strongly influences the transformation, but the effects of oxyanions remain unknown. We determined the products and rates of Mn(II)-driven reductive transformation of δ-MnO, a nanoparticulate hexagonal birnessite, in the presence of phosphate or silicate at pH 6-8 and a wide range of Mn(II)/MnO molar ratios. Without the oxyanions, δ-MnO transforms into triclinic birnessite (T-bir) and 4 × 4 tunneled Mn oxide (TMO) at low Mn(II)/MnO ratios (0.09 and 0.13) and into δ-MnOOH and MnO with minor poorly crystallized α- and γ-MnOOH at high Mn(II)/MnO ratios (0.5 and 1). The presence of phosphate or silicate substantially decreases the rate and extent of the above transformation, probably due to adsorption of the oxyanions on layer edges or the formation of Mn(II,III)-oxyanion ternary complexes on vacancies of δ-MnO, adversely interfering with electron transfer, Mn(III) distribution, and structural rearrangements. The oxyanions also reduce the crystallinity and particle sizes of the transformation products, ascribed to adsorption of the oxyanions on the products, preventing their further particle growth. This study enriches our understanding of the solution chemistry control on redox-driven transformation of Mn oxides.