University of Florida-IFAS, Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, 200 9th Street SE, Vero Beach, FL 32962.
J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 2020 Sep 1;36(3):181-188. doi: 10.2987/20-6927.1.
The monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), is threatened by substantial loss of habitat, extreme weather events linked to global climate change, and nontarget impacts of broad-spectrum insecticides. To investigate the impact of chronic ingestion of pyrethroids on monarchs, wild-type Florida D. plexippus were reared on milkweed (Asclepias curassavica) that was exposed to ultra-low volume applications of DeltaGard by a truck-mounted fogger, at distances of 25 and 50 m. We observed significant negative impacts on monarchs reared on milkweed at 25 m from the DeltaGard spray route, including significant decreases in survival, and significantly longer development times, compared with untreated controls. Larvae reared on host plants closest to the truck spray route were 3 times more likely to experience a mortality event than the control cohort in trial 1 and 6 times in trial 2. Survival of monarch caterpillars reared on milkweed sprayed at 50 m was not significantly different from controls. For monarchs that survived to adulthood, we did not observe statistically significant differences among cohorts for variables measured. These data demonstrate that ultra-low volume treatments of pyrethroids can result in significant mortality in monarchs, but that the effects diminish with distance from the spray route.
黑脉金斑蝶（鳞翅目：蛱蝶科）的栖息地大量丧失、与全球气候变化相关的极端天气事件以及广谱杀虫剂的非靶标影响，使其受到严重威胁。为了研究慢性摄入拟除虫菊酯对黑脉金斑蝶的影响，我们在佛罗里达州饲养了野生型黑脉金斑蝶，这些蝴蝶的奶草（Asclepias curassavica）暴露于超低容量喷雾器的 DeltaGard 制剂中，喷雾器安装在距离奶草 25 和 50 米的卡车上。我们观察到在距离 DeltaGard 喷雾路线 25 米处饲养的黑脉金斑蝶受到了显著的负面影响，包括存活率显著下降和发育时间显著延长，与未处理的对照组相比。在试验 1 中，与对照组相比，在距离卡车喷雾路线最近的宿主植物上饲养的幼虫发生死亡事件的可能性高出 3 倍，在试验 2 中高出 6 倍。在距离 50 米处喷洒的奶草上饲养的黑脉金斑蝶幼虫的存活率与对照组没有显著差异。对于存活到成年期的黑脉金斑蝶，我们没有观察到测量变量在各队列之间存在统计学上的显著差异。这些数据表明，超低容量处理拟除虫菊酯会导致黑脉金斑蝶的大量死亡，但随着与喷雾路线的距离增加，其影响会减弱。
