Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lomé, 01, Lomé, BP 1515, Togo.
University of Limoges, Laboratory PEIRENE, EA 7500, ENSIL-ENSCI, 16 rue Atlantis, Limoges, 87068, France.
J Environ Manage. 2021 May 1;285:112158. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112158. Epub 2021 Feb 15.
Drought and soils poverty considerably decreased agriculture yields in Togo. In this context, the use of wastes' composts as organic amendments presents the advantages to increase crops' yields and improve the fertility of soils while valorizing wastes. However, the effects of wastes' composts on the growth of plants highly depend on their quality, specifically on their chemical properties and the organic matter maturity. In this study, three different wastes' composts were prepared by mixing household wastes and food wastes with admixtures as natural phosphate and manure. The composts produced were analyzed according to agronomic parameters before applying a leaching test to specially assess the organic matter maturity by considering its hydrophobic and aromatic characters. Whatever the compost, the contents in organic matter and nutrients were comparable to composts usually commercialized in Togo. Their characteristics depended on their initial chemical composition. The higher the food wastes percentage, the higher the organic matter content and the addition of admixtures considerably increased the percentages in nutrients in the final product. Besides, a slightly acidic pH, a high redox potential and a low aromatic and hydrophobic organic matter were recorded for compost of food wastes unlike household wastes and mixed composts and the highest concentrations in trace metals were quantified in compost of household wastes. Agronomic tests were performed on maize (Zea mays L.) under two water regimes to evaluate the impact of the characteristics of composts on both maize's nutrition and adaptation to water stress. The chemical characteristics of composts and the maturity of organic matter highly impacted the absorption of macronutrients by plants. A slightly acidic pH and a high redox potential improved the transfer of nutrients from soils to plants under normal irrigation conditions. On the contrary, a higher aromaticity of organic matter promoted the absorption of nutrients under water stress. Wastes' composts can thus be relevantly used to improve the nutrition of plants in function of the irrigation conditions.
干旱和土壤贫瘠使多哥的农业产量大幅下降。在这种情况下，利用废物堆肥作为有机肥料不仅可以增加作物产量，还可以提高土壤肥力，同时实现废物的再利用。然而，废物堆肥对植物生长的影响在很大程度上取决于其质量，特别是其化学性质和有机物的成熟度。在这项研究中，通过将家庭废物和食物废物与天然磷酸盐和肥料等添加剂混合，制备了三种不同的废物堆肥。在进行淋溶试验以特别评估有机物的成熟度（考虑其疏水性和芳香性特征）之前，根据农业参数对生产的堆肥进行了分析。无论使用哪种堆肥，其有机物和养分含量都与多哥通常商业化的堆肥相当。其特性取决于其初始化学成分。食物废物的比例越高，有机物含量越高，添加剂的添加大大增加了最终产品中的养分含量。此外，与家庭废物和混合堆肥相比，食物废物堆肥的 pH 值略呈酸性，氧化还原电位较高，疏水性和芳香性有机物含量较低，而家庭废物堆肥中痕量金属的浓度最高。在两种水分条件下对玉米（Zea mays L.）进行了农艺试验，以评估堆肥特性对玉米营养和适应水分胁迫的影响。堆肥的化学特性和有机物的成熟度高度影响植物对大量营养元素的吸收。略呈酸性的 pH 值和较高的氧化还原电位改善了在正常灌溉条件下养分从土壤向植物的转移。相反，有机物的芳香性越高，在水分胁迫下促进养分的吸收。因此，废物堆肥可以根据灌溉条件合理地用于改善植物的营养状况。
