Postgraduate Program in Public Health, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Avenida Universitária, 1105, 88806-000, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
VP Functional Nutrition Center, São Paulo, Brazil.
J Affect Disord. 2021 Mar 1;282:1076-1081. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.12.155. Epub 2020 Dec 30.
Depression is the most common mental illness, achieving more than 264 million people worldwide. Although diet quality may be associated with depression symptoms, this relationship has not been deeply investigated among Brazilians. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate this relationship.
This is a population-based cross-sectional study with representative individuals aged 18 years or over living in an urban area. Individuals were selected using a multistage sampling procedure. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 was used to screen for major depressive episodes, and a Food Frequency Questionnaire was used to evaluate diet. We used a hierarchical model to conduct the analyses and calculated prevalence ratio using Poisson regression.
A total of 820 subjects were assessed, with mean age of 54.8 (±17.4) years. Prevalence of major depressive episodes was 29.2%. After final adjustment, diet quality remained directly associated with depression (p = 0.024). Individuals with the worst diet quality were 39% more likely to have major depressive episodes when compared to those who had the best diet quality. Depression was also associated with consumption of soda or artificial juice and are food markers of unhealthy diets.
The cross-sectional design does not establish whether the associations are causal, and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 is a screening scale - not a diagnostic tool; however, it is easy, quick to apply, and is widely used in epidemiological studies.
The results provide important evidence about the role of diets on that mood disorder, which contributes to management approaches to depression.
抑郁症是最常见的精神疾病，全球有超过 2.64 亿患者。尽管饮食质量可能与抑郁症状有关，但巴西人对此关系的研究还不够深入。因此，进行了这项研究来评估这种关系。
这是一项基于人群的横断面研究，研究对象为年龄在 18 岁及以上、居住在城市地区的代表性个体。采用多阶段抽样程序选择个体。使用患者健康问卷-9 筛查主要抑郁发作，使用食物频率问卷评估饮食。我们使用分层模型进行分析，并使用泊松回归计算患病率比。
共评估了 820 名受试者，平均年龄为 54.8（±17.4）岁。主要抑郁发作的患病率为 29.2%。经过最终调整，饮食质量仍与抑郁直接相关（p=0.024）。与饮食质量最好的个体相比，饮食质量最差的个体发生主要抑郁发作的可能性高 39%。抑郁还与苏打水或人工果汁的消费有关，这些都是不健康饮食的标志。
横断面设计不能确定关联是否具有因果关系，患者健康问卷-9 是一种筛选量表，而不是诊断工具；但是，它易于使用、快速应用，并且在流行病学研究中广泛使用。
研究结果提供了关于饮食对情绪障碍的作用的重要证据，这有助于对抑郁的管理方法。
