Timofte Delia, Tanasescu Maria-Daniela, Balan Daniela Gabriela, Tulin Adrian, Stiru Ovidiu, Vacaroiu Ileana Adela, Mihai Andrada, Popa Cristian Constantin, Cosconel Cristina-Ileana, Enyedi Mihaly, Miricescu Daniela, Papacocea Raluca Ioana, Ionescu Dorin
Department of Dialysis, Emergency University Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania.
Department of Medical Semiology, Discipline of Internal Medicine I and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, 'Carol Davila̓ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania.
Exp Ther Med. 2021 Mar;21(3):282. doi: 10.3892/etm.2021.9713. Epub 2021 Jan 26.
An increasing number of patients require renal replacement therapy through dialysis and renal transplantation. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects a large percentage of the world's population and has evolved into a major public health concern. Diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure and a family history of kidney failure are all major risk factors for CKD. Patients in advanced stages of CKD have varying degrees of cardiovascular damage. Comorbidities of these patients, include, on the one hand, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia and, on the other hand, the presence of mineral-bone disorders associated with CKD and chronic inflammation, which contribute to cardiovascular involvement. Acute complications occur quite frequently during dialysis. Among these, the most important are cardiovascular complications, which influence the morbidity and mortality rates of this group of patients. Chronic hemodialysis patients manifest acute cardiovascular complications such as intradialytic hypotension, intradialytic hypertension, arrhythmias, acute coronary syndromes and sudden death. Thus, proper management is extremely important.
越来越多的患者需要通过透析和肾移植进行肾脏替代治疗。慢性肾脏病（CKD）影响着世界上很大一部分人口，并已演变成一个主要的公共卫生问题。糖尿病、高血压和肾衰竭家族史都是CKD的主要危险因素。CKD晚期患者存在不同程度的心血管损害。这些患者的合并症一方面包括高血压、高脂血症、高血糖、高尿酸血症，另一方面包括与CKD相关的矿物质-骨代谢紊乱和慢性炎症，这些都会导致心血管受累。透析期间急性并发症相当常见。其中，最重要的是心血管并发症，它影响着这组患者的发病率和死亡率。慢性血液透析患者表现出急性心血管并发症，如透析中低血压、透析中高血压、心律失常、急性冠脉综合征和猝死。因此，恰当的管理极其重要。
