Niering Marc, Muehlbauer Thomas
FHM Bielefeld - University of Applied Sciences.
University of Duisburg-Essen.
Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2021 Feb 1;16(1):114-125. doi: 10.26603/001c.18658.
PURPOSE/BACKGROUND: Many adolescent athletes suffer from jumper's knee (JK) over a long period of time and return to sports before symptoms are fully resolved. Current treatment methods may not reduce pain in the short term, especially not during a competitive season. The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in physical, psychological, and injury-/pain-related parameters in sub-elite male youth soccer players, who previously underwent physical therapy for JK compared to healthy controls (HC) over the course of a season.
All subjects were tested four times (start of the season [T1], 6 [T2], 16 [T3], and 20 [T4] weeks after the start of the season). Outcome measures included muscle power (drop jump, jump-and-reach), change of direction speed [CODS] (acyclic sprint), speed (tapping, 30-m linear sprint), endurance (Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1), the Achievement Motives Scale (AMS) Sport, and injury-/pain-related data. Univariate analysis of variance was used to compare differences in variables between the two groups over the course of a soccer season.
Over the season, the jumper's knee group (JK; 15.1 ± 0.8 yr) demonstrated significantly worse physical performance in CODS (to the left side: 1.37≤ Cohen's ≤ 1.51 [T1-T4]; < 0.001 / to the right side: 1.24 ≤ ≤ 1.53 [T1-T4]; < 0.001) and speed (0.48 ≤ ≤ 1.26 [T1-T4]; < 0.007) compared to healthy controls (HC; 15.0 ± 1.0 yr). Further, psychological parameters showed worse values in JK than in HC for the AMS Sport items "hope for success" and "fear of failure" that especially showed a significant difference at T1 ( = 0.65; = 0.032 / = 0.68; = 0.027) and T2 ( = 0.50; = 0.076 / = 0.80; = 0.012). Moreover, the JK group showed significantly higher incident rates for non-contact lower limb injuries ( = 0.69; = 0.049) per 1,000 hours (i.e., practices/competitions), injury-related rest periods ( = 2.06; = 0.043), and pain-related training interruptions ( = 1.35; < 0.001).
The observed findings imply that there are significant differences in physical and psychological performance of youth soccer players after physical therapy for JK compared to HC. When designing rehabilitation and/or training programs, as well as determining the point of return to sport the impact of the injury needs to be taken into account.
1b.
目的/背景：许多青少年运动员长期患有髌腱炎（JK），且在症状完全缓解之前就重返运动。目前的治疗方法可能无法在短期内减轻疼痛，尤其是在比赛赛季期间。本研究的目的是调查次精英水平的男性青年足球运动员在一个赛季中，与健康对照组（HC）相比，那些之前因髌腱炎接受过物理治疗的运动员在身体、心理以及与损伤/疼痛相关参数上的差异。
所有受试者接受四次测试（赛季开始时 [T1]、赛季开始后6周 [T2]、16周 [T3] 和20周 [T4]）。结果指标包括肌肉力量（纵跳、跳摸高）、变向速度 [CODS]（非周期性冲刺）、速度（拍击、30米直线冲刺）、耐力（Yo-Yo间歇恢复测试1级）、成就动机量表（AMS）运动版以及与损伤/疼痛相关的数据。采用单因素方差分析来比较两个组在足球赛季过程中变量的差异。
在整个赛季中，髌腱炎组（JK；15.1±0.8岁）在CODS（向左：1.37≤科恩系数≤1.51 [T1 - T4]；P<0.001 / 向右：1.24≤科恩系数≤1.53 [T1 - T4]；P<0.001）和速度（0.48≤科恩系数≤1.26 [T1 - T4]；P<0.007）方面的身体表现明显比健康对照组（HC；15.0±1.0岁）差。此外，心理参数方面，在AMS运动版项目“对成功的期望”和“对失败的恐惧”上，JK组的值比HC组更差，尤其在T1（科恩系数 = 0.65；P = 0.032 / 科恩系数 = 0.68；P = 0.027）和T2（科恩系数 = 0.50；P = 0.076 / 科恩系数 = 0.80；P = 0.012）时表现出显著差异。而且，JK组每1000小时（即训练/比赛）的非接触性下肢损伤发生率（科恩系数 = 0.69；P = 0.049）、与损伤相关的休息时间（科恩系数 = 2.06；P = 0.043）以及与疼痛相关的训练中断次数（科恩系数 = 1.35；P<0.001）都显著更高。
观察结果表明，与HC相比，因髌腱炎接受物理治疗后的青年足球运动员在身体和心理表现上存在显著差异。在设计康复和/或训练计划以及确定重返运动的时间点时，需要考虑损伤的影响。
1b。
