Pontillo Marisa, Hines Shawn M, Sennett Brian J
University of Pennsylvania.
Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2021 Feb 1;16(1):156-161. doi: 10.26603/001c.18819.
The incidence of ACL injuries continues to rise secondary to an increase in sport participation. Evidence supports the use of force plate testing to quantify kinetics during rehabilitation after injury and recovery; however, there is limited current research regarding if jump kinetics can identify athletes who are at higher risk for injury. Altered kinetics could potentially lead to abnormal force dissipation and resultant injury.
The purpose of this investigation was to identify whether the force-time variables from vertical jumps could predict ACL injuries in collegiate athletes.
Retrospective cohort.
Vertical jump testing is performed by all healthy varsity collegiate athletes at several intervals throughout the athletic year at a Division I institution using a commercially available force plate system with dedicated software. Athletes who sustained an ACL injury between 1/1/15 and 6/1/19 were identified (n=16) and compared to healthy athletes who participated in the same sports (n = 262). ACL injuries were considered for this study if they occurred no more than 10 weeks after a jump test. The outcome variables were load, explode, and drive, operationally defined as the average eccentric rate of force development, average relative concentric force, and concentric relative impulse, respectively, which the system normalized to T scores. Mann-Whitney U tests were used to assess group differences for load, explode, drive, and the ratio between the variables. Logistic regression was used to determine if the battery of variables could predict whether or not an athlete would sustain an ACL injury. The p-value was set to 0.10 for the Mann-Whitney U tests, and 0.05 for the logistic regression.
Significant differences between the ACL and healthy groups were seen for explode (=0.08), drive (=0.06), load:explode ratio (=0.06), and explode:drive ratio (=0.03). Explode and drive, when entered into the regression equation, showed the ability to predict injury, = 6.8, df = 2, =0.03.
The vertical jump force plate variables were able to identify athletes who sustained an ACL injury within 66 days of testing. Athletes who sustained an ACL injury demonstrated altered kinetics and less ability to transmit forces during the vertical jump.
由于参与运动的人数增加，前交叉韧带（ACL）损伤的发生率持续上升。有证据支持使用测力台测试来量化损伤后康复及恢复过程中的动力学情况；然而，目前关于跳跃动力学能否识别出受伤风险较高的运动员的研究有限。改变的动力学可能会导致异常的力消散并引发损伤。
本研究的目的是确定垂直跳跃的力-时间变量是否能够预测大学生运动员的ACL损伤。
回顾性队列研究。
在一所一级机构中，所有健康的大学代表队运动员在整个运动年度的几个时间点，使用市售的配有专用软件的测力台系统进行垂直跳跃测试。确定在2015年1月1日至2019年6月1日期间发生ACL损伤的运动员（n = 16），并与参加相同运动项目的健康运动员（n = 262）进行比较。如果ACL损伤发生在跳跃测试后不超过10周，则纳入本研究。结果变量为负荷、爆发和驱动，在操作上分别定义为平均离心力发展速率、平均相对向心力量和向心相对冲量，该系统将其标准化为T分数。使用曼-惠特尼U检验来评估负荷、爆发、驱动以及变量之间比率的组间差异。使用逻辑回归来确定这一系列变量是否能够预测运动员是否会发生ACL损伤。曼-惠特尼U检验的p值设定为0.10，逻辑回归的p值设定为0.05。
ACL损伤组与健康组在爆发（p = 0.08）、驱动（p = 0.06）、负荷：爆发比率（p = 0.06）和爆发：驱动比率（p = 0.03）方面存在显著差异。当将爆发和驱动纳入回归方程时，显示出预测损伤的能力，χ² = 6.8，自由度 = 2，p = 0.03。
垂直跳跃测力台变量能够识别在测试后66天内发生ACL损伤的运动员。发生ACL损伤的运动员在垂直跳跃过程中表现出改变的动力学和传递力量的能力下降。
3级。
