Hastings Cent Rep. 2021 May;51(3):17-22. doi: 10.1002/hast.1207. Epub 2021 Feb 19.
Trust is one of the big buzzwords in debates about the shaping of society, democracy, and emerging technologies. For example, one prominent idea put forward by the High-Level Expert Group on Artificial Intelligence appointed by the European Commission is that artificial intelligence should be trustworthy. In this essay, we explore the notion of trust and argue that both proponents and critics of trustworthy AI have flawed pictures of the nature of trust. We develop an approach to understanding trust in AI that does not conceive of trust merely as an accelerator for societal acceptance of AI technologies. Instead, we argue, trust is granted through leaps of faith. For this reason, trust remains precarious, fragile, and resistant to promotion through formulaic approaches. We also highlight the significance of distrust in societal deliberation, as it is relevant to trust in various and intricate ways. Among the fruitful aspects of distrust is that it enables individuals to forgo technology if desired, to constrain its power, and to exercise meaningful human control.
信任是关于社会塑造、民主和新兴技术的辩论中的一个热门词汇。例如，欧盟委员会任命的人工智能高级别专家组提出的一个突出观点是，人工智能应该是值得信赖的。在本文中，我们探讨了信任的概念，并认为值得信赖的人工智能的支持者和批评者都对信任的本质存在错误的认识。我们提出了一种理解人工智能信任的方法，即不将信任仅仅视为社会接受人工智能技术的加速器。相反，我们认为，信任是通过信仰的飞跃来获得的。因此，信任仍然是不稳定的、脆弱的，并且难以通过公式化的方法来促进。我们还强调了不信任在社会审议中的重要性，因为它与信任以各种复杂的方式相关。不信任的一个有益方面是，如果个人愿意，它可以使他们放弃技术，限制其权力，并进行有意义的人为控制。
