Institute of Ecology and Botany, Centre for Ecological Research, Alkotmány utca 2-4, 2163 Vácrátót, Hungary; Behavioural Ecology Group, Department of Systematic Zoology and Ecology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary.
Behavioural Ecology Group, Department of Systematic Zoology and Ecology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; Department of Plant Pathology, Institute of Plant Protection, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ménesi út 44, 1118, Budapest, Hungary.
Behav Processes. 2021 May;186:104360. doi: 10.1016/j.beproc.2021.104360. Epub 2021 Feb 17.
Prey animals may react differently to predators, which can thus raise plasticity in risk-taking behaviour. We assessed the behavioural responses of nestling-feeding collared flycatcher (Ficedula albicollis) parents towards different avian predator species (Eurasian sparrowhawk, long-eared owl) and a non-threatening songbird (song thrush) by measuring the latency to resume feeding activity. We found that the sexes differed in their responses towards the different stimuli, as males resumed nestling-provisioning sooner after the songbird than after the predator stimuli, while latency of females was not affected by the type of stimulus. Parents breeding later in the season took less risk than early breeders, and mean response also varied across the study years. We detected a considerable repeatability at the within-brood level across stimuli, and a correlation between the latency of parents attending the same nest, implying that they may adjust similarly their risk-taking behaviour to the brood value. Repeated measurements at the same brood suggested that risk-taking behaviour of flycatcher parents is a plastic trait, and sex-specific effects might be the result of sex-specific adjustments of behaviour to the perceived environmental challenge as exerted by different predators. Furthermore, the nest-specific effects highlighted that environmental effects can render consistently similar responses between the parents.
被捕食的动物可能会对捕食者做出不同的反应，从而提高冒险行为的可塑性。我们通过测量恢复喂食活动的潜伏期来评估育雏期食虫戴菊鸟（Ficedula albicollis）亲鸟对不同鸟类捕食者物种（欧亚雀鹰、长耳鸮）和一种无威胁鸣禽（画眉）的行为反应。我们发现，雄性和雌性对不同刺激的反应存在差异，雄性在鸣禽刺激后比在捕食者刺激后更快地恢复给幼鸟喂食，而雌性的潜伏期不受刺激类型的影响。在季节后期繁殖的亲鸟比早期繁殖的亲鸟承担的风险更小，并且平均反应也在研究年份之间有所变化。我们在不同刺激下检测到了相当大的种内重复率，并且同一巢中父母的潜伏期之间存在相关性，这表明它们可能会根据巢的价值相似地调整其冒险行为。在同一巢中的重复测量表明，食虫戴菊鸟亲鸟的冒险行为是一种可塑性特征，性别特异性效应可能是由于不同捕食者对感知到的环境挑战的性别特异性行为调整所致。此外，巢特异性效应强调了环境效应可以使父母之间始终保持相似的反应。
